Ketene

42.03668

42.04

207-336-9

LEP3SM032A

0812

DTXSID1052113

COLORLESS GAS|Colorless gas.

2914190090

17.1

0.00400

Ketene appears as a colorless highly reactive gas with a penetrating odor. mp: -150°C, bp: -56°C. Reacts violently with water. Soluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Severely irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Used is the manufacture of acetic anhydride, sorbic acid, cinnamic acids, chloroacetyl chloride and other materials. Readily polymerizes and cannot be shipped or stored. Is obtained instead as needed from diketene. DIKETENE (CAS: 674-82-8; Formula: C4H2O2 ) is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. mp: -6.5° C; bp: 127°C. Density 1.08 g/cm3. Reacts violently with water. Is obtained from the dimerization of ketene and can be stored and transported under refrigeration. A severe lachrymator (irritates the eyes, the respiratory tract, and the skin as well). Depolymerizes at 650°C to give ketene.

0.712 g/cm3

-150 °C

-56 °C

NA (Gas)

1.303

Reacts

Protect containers against physical damage by shock. Outdoor or detached storage is preferable. For indoor storage, use standard combustible liquid storeroom or cabinet.

>1 atm

1.45

Inhalation-Mouse LC50: 17 PPM/ 10 points

Flammable; spicy and irritating smoke is released from the fire

Interaction /of hydrogen peroxide/ with excess ketene rapidly forms explosive diacetyl peroxide.

PENETRATING ODOR

DISAGREEABLE TASTE

1.73e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/LITER= 582 PPM; 1 PPM= 1.7 MG/CU M|DECOMP IN WATER|READILY POLYMERIZES|DECOMP IN ALCOHOL & AMMONIA

No rapid reaction with air Reacts violently with water to form acetic acid

Ketones

Highly Flammable

KETENE is extremely flammable. Mixtures with air are explosive. Reacts violently with water; reacts vigorously with alcohols, ammonia. Readily polymerizes and cannot be shipped or stored. Is obtained instead as needed from diketene. DIKETENE is extremely flammable. Forms explosive vapor/air mixtures above 33°C. Undergoes a further exothermic polymerization that is retarded by storage in the solid state (below -6.5°C) or by the use of stabilizing additives. This polymerization becomes violent (with risk of fire or explosion) with warming or on contact with acids or bases. Reacts violently with water.

1025.4 kJ/mol (gas)

9.61 eV

Flammable Gas

The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

2.3

1955

OA7700000

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

Steam and air can be explosive when mixed

P210, P260, P264, P270, P307+P311, P321, P377, P381, P403, P405, P501

H220

Water, alcohols, ammonia [Note: Readily polymerizes. Reacts with water to form acetic acid].|Interaction /of hydrogen peroxide/ with excess ketene rapidly forms explosive diacetyl peroxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 125 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P260, P264, P270, P307+P311, P321, P377, P381, P403, P405, and P501|P210, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P320, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)|Use powder, carbon dioxide. NO water. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2521 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 5 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|(See protection codes)

Interaction /of hydrogen peroxide/ with excess ketene rapidly forms explosive diacetyl peroxide.

PERSONS NOT WEARING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING SHOULD BE RESTRICTED FROM AREAS OF LEAKS UNTIL CLEANUP HAS BEEN COMPLETED. IF KETENE IS LEAKED, THE FOLLOWING STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN: 1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE THE AREA OF LEAK. 3. STOP FLOW OF GAS. DISPOSAL METHODS: KETENE MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY BURNING AT A SAFE LOCATION OR IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

KETENE IS ONE OF THE MOST HIGHLY IRRITANT GASES TO THE RESP TRACT ... .|Irritating to the eye.|STRONG IRRITANT TO SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 ppm (0.9 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.5 ppm (0.9 mg/cu m); STEL 1.5 ppm (3 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.5 ppm (0.9 mg/cu m).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 1.5 ppm (3 mg/cu m).

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

The substance cannot be stored or shipped.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of this gas may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs. This may result in emphesema and fibrosis.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Ketene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

highly toxic

LC50 MOUSE INHALATION 17 PPM/10 MIN

Inhalation, eye and skin contact.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; pulmonary edema Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system (NIOSH, 2016)

Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

SEVERE PULMONARY IRRITANT CAUSING PULMONARY EDEMA IF INHALED.|STRONG IRRITANT TO SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.|TOXIC BY ... INHALATION ... .|KETENE IS ONE OF THE MOST HIGHLY IRRITANT GASES TO THE RESP TRACT; ITS TOXICITY APPEARS TO BE OF THE SAME ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AS THAT OF PHOSGENE AND ALSO RESEMBLES PHOSGENE IN ITS DELAYED ACTION ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for KETENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ketene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; pulmonary edema

Cough. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Ethenone: ACTIVE

NIOSH Method S92. Analyte: Ketene. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Colorimetric. Method Evaluation: Method was validated over the range of 0.40 to 1.74 mg/cu m using a 50 liter sample. Method detection limit: Not determined. Precision (CVT): 0.064. Applicability: Under the conditions of sample size (50 liters) the useful range is 0.20 to 2.2 mg/cu m. Interferences: Any material containing an RCO group will interfere eg esters, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.|GC/MS METHOD FOR DETECTION OF SUBSTANCES INCLUDING KETENE IN INDOOR AIR.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree