Ethyl isocyanate

71.078

71.08

203-717-9

B02YQ4MIR0

89687

2481

DTXSID5059379

Liquid

2929109000

29.43000

1.36

Ethyl isocyanate appears as a colorless liquid. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. May irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be lethal by Inhalation . Used to make pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

0.9031 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

204-205 °C

60 °C

-6.7±0.0 °C

1.410

In water, 1.1X10+4 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

200 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

2.45 (Air = 1)

Specific optical rotation = 1.3808 at 20 °C/D

Pungent smelling

Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. It may react with water to produce a corrosive liquid and carbon dioxide gas.

Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Highly Flammable

When heated to decomposition ETHYL ISOCYANATE emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1572].

424.5 kcal (liquid)

I

3.1

UN 2481 3/PG 1

3

R11;R20/21;R25;R36/37/38;R42

S16-S26-S36/37/39-S45

NQ8825000

F:Flammable;T:Toxic;

P210-P261-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P342 + P311

H225-H301-H312 + H332-H315-H319-H334-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|/For small quantities/ evaporate material in a fume hood. /Methyl isocyanate/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H225 (95.74%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P285, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 47 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2481 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Vapor Concentration: 0.2 ppm or less: Any supplied-air respirator or any self-contained breathing apparatus. 1 ppm or less: Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. A type C supplied air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode. 20 ppm or less: A type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood operated in continuous-flow mode. Greater than 20 ppm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus. /Methyl isocyanate/|Employees should be provided with and required to wear impervious clothing, gloves, faceshields (eight inch minimum) and other appropriate clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with this compound. /Methyl isocyanate/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.|Persons involved in fighting fires should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. ... /Methyl isocyanate/

For small quantities absorb on paper towels. /Methyl isocyanate/

... Employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Contaminated clothing should be placed in closed containers until it can either be discarded or until provision can be made for the removal of the contaminant. Employees should also be provided with emergency eyewash stations ... . /Methyl isocyanate/|Do not allow this material to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion. /Methyl isocyanate/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ETHYL ISOCYANATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL ISOCYANATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Inhalation and/or contact with the liquid may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs, and skin. /Methyl isocyanate/|Isocyanates are irritating to the skin and the mucous membranes. Eye affections are less common and, although lacrimation is often found, conjunctivitis is rare. /Isocyanates/

The effects of 2-chloroethylisocyanate, ethylisocyanate and sodium cyanate on the uptake of isotope-labeled thymidine, leucine and H2O were compared in rat liver and hepatomas. The data suggested that carbamoylating agents may have a common property of inhibiting uptake of compounds in hepatomas under conditions in which there is a smaller effect or no action in the liver of tumor-bearing rats. The distinction between tissues may have been mediated, in part, through effects on tumor circulation and was less apparent when isolated cells were studied in vitro. Preferential inhibitory effects of carbamoylating agents on the uptake of leucine and H2O were also observed with a murine hepatoma, but they were not as great as with rat hepatomas.

LD50 Mouse iv 56 mg/kg

2% of some worker populations /with the genetic factor of / immunologic hypersensitivity /have increased risk when exposed to/ isocyanates. /From table, Isocyanates/|Persons with a history of asthma, allergies ... or impaired lung or pulmonary function may be at an increased risk. /Methyl isocyanate/

Ethyl isocyanate's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for ethyl isocyanate in moist soil(SRC). Soil adsorption, biodegradation, and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate and transport processes(SRC). Ethyl isocyanate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 200 mm Hg(2).|AQUATIC FATE: Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for ethyl isocyanate in water(SRC). Sorption to sediments, volatilization, bioconcentration, and biodegradation are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate and transport processes in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl isocyanate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 200 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl isocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Ethyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl isocyanate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Ethyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2). Isocyanates react rapidly with nucleophilic reagents(3,4); therefore, ethyl isocyanate is expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis in moist soil and water(SRC). The rate of hydrolysis for ethyl isocyanate is not available; however, the measured rate constants for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl isocyanate in aqueous solution at 15 and 25 °C are 5.9X10-4 sec-1 and 1.34X10-3 sec-1, respectively(5). These correspond to half-lives of 20 and 9 min, respectively. In a spill situation, reaction of isocyanates with water yields an unstable carbamate which undergoes decarboxylation to form carbon dioxide plus the corresponding amine(3). The amine then reacts with isocyanate to form a symmetrically disubstituted urea(3).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for ethyl isocyanate in water(SRC). Bioconcentration is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important environmental process(SRC).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for ethyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). Adsorption to soil and sediment is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important environmental process(SRC).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for ethyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil and water surfaces is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important removal process(SRC). Ethyl isocyanate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 200 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(2).

Occupational exposure to ethyl isocyanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl isocyanate is produced or used(SRC). The concentration of ethyl isocyanate measured in a single air sample from a welding operation in a car repair shop was 60 ug/cu m(1).

... Reactive isocyanates in general, can react with biological molecules containing amino, alcohol, or sulfhydryl groups, as well as with water. While hydrolysis in an aqueous environment, such as the lung, is theoretically possible, measurements show that alkyl isocyanates are relatively resistant (compared to arylisocyanates) to such hydrolysis.|Isocyanates ... form labile glutathione conjugates from which they can be released. /Isocyanate/

The inactivation of guinea pig liver transglutaminase was investigated using aliphatic isocyanates. It was found that one equivalent of ethyl isocyanate reduced transglutaminase activity to less than 25% within 3 minutes. ... The isocyanates reacted slowly with the sulfhydryl groups of reduced glutathione, indicating enzyme inactivation with transglutaminase. The investigators concluded that alkyl isocyanates inactivate guinea pig liver transglutaminase by forming N-alkylthiocarbamyl ester with the single active site sulfhydryl group of the enzyme.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

If this compound comes into contact with the eyes, wash the eyes immediately with large amounts of water, lifting both the upper and lower lids. Acquire medical attention immediately. /Methyl isocyanate/|Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and bronchospasm are the most immediate serious clinical consequences of isocyanate exposure. Markedly symptomatic patients should receive oxygen, ventilatory support, and an intravenous line. Treatment for asthma includes inhaled sympathomimetics (salbutamol, metaproterenol), intravenous theophylline, parenteral sympathomimetics (epinephrine, terbutaline), and steroids. /Isocyanates/|Most treatment is symptomatic. Mydriatics, systemic analgesics, and topical antibiotics (Sulamyd) may be used for corneal abrasions. There is no effective therapy for sensitized workers, and these people should be moved to a work site devoid of exposure to isocyanates. /Isocyanates/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Treat exposure to Lethane 60 Lethane 384, Thanite, methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl thiocyanates with the cyanide antidote kit. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Exposure of humans to high concn may cause cough, dyspnea, chest pain and an increase in secretions. /Methyl isocyanate/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Isocyanates are irritating to the skin and the mucous membranes, the skin conditions ranging from localized itching to more or less widespread eczema. Eye affections are less common and, although lacrimation is often found, conjunctivitis is rare. The commonest and most serious troubles, however, are those affecting the respiratory systems. /Isocyanates/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Isocyanates ... produce lung disease /in/ manufacture of plastics and chemical industry. Acute effects /include/ airway irritation, cough, /and/ dyspnea; chronic effects /include asthma, and/ reduced pulmonary function. /From table, isocyanates/|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ /During/ 0.5 to 4 yr of follow-up after leaving work, /among total of 104/ subjects with occupational asthma /from isocyanate exposure/, 50 to 82% /had/ persistence of symptoms and 58 to 77% of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. /From table, isocyanates/

ethyl isocyanate

Ethane, isocyanato-: ACTIVE|... L-cysteine hydrochloride was converted into S-ethylcarbamyl-L-cysteine by treatment with ethyl isocyanate in dimethylformamide solution.|Ethyl isocyanate ... was reduced with lithium aluminum deuteride and nitrosated with sodium nitrite to yield, the carcinogen nitrosomethyl (d3) ethylamine

Gas and high performance liquid chromatographic analytical procedures are described.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree