4-Bromodiphenyl ether

249.10326

249.10

202-952-4

N19SE3QCFN

5619

3082

DTXSID8023927

29093090

9.23000

5.11

4-bromophenyl phenyl ether appears as liquid. Freezing point 18°C. Density 1.423 g / cm3. Insoluble or slightly soluble in water.

1.6088 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

18.72 °C

310.1 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

>230 °F

n 20/D 1.607(lit.)

soluble in ether (Weast, 1986) and many other solvents including 1,4-dioxane, benzene, and toluene.Insoluble in water.

Store at away from heat, flames, or oxidizing materials. Ethers tend to oxidize when exposed to air, forming unstable peroxides that may detonate with extreme violence when concentrated by evaporation or distillation. When combined with other compounds tha

1.94 x 10 -3 mmHg at 25 °C (subcooled liquid, Tittlemier et al., 2002)

LC 50 (24-h) for Daphnia magna 0.46 mg/L (LeBlanc, 1980).

Insoluble in water.

Ethers

Peroxidizable Compound

4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick 1979 p.151-154, 164].

III

9

UN 3082 9/PG 3

3

R50/53

60-61-62-36/37/39-26-33-29-16-9

N,Xn,F

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331-P501

H225-H304-H315-H336-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U030, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

Borzelleca JF; A review of volatile organic contaminant data; Proc AWWA Water Qual Technol Conf 225-44 (1983) A review of toxicity data of volatile org contaminants of water to mice after subchronic & chronic administration.|USEPA; Health and Environmental Effects Profile for p-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether (1980) ECAO-CIN-P174

Combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H400 (97.66%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 174 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

A fire in your laboratory involving this chemical should be extinguished with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that nitrile gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Nitrile over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)

Adsorption capacities of activated carbon for /wastewater pollutants/: 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 144 mg/g. /From table/

U030; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U030; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether was positively detected in 1.2% of 1243 sample water observation points in the US EPA STORET database at a median concn below 10 ppb(1). During a study of 40 POTW plants in the U.S., 1 of 287 influent samples contained 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether, at unreported concentrations(2). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether was detected once during a study of Illinois wastewater effluents at a concentration of 1 ug/l(2).

In an analysis of the US EPA STORET Data Base, 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether was not detected in 345 sediment observation points(1). Less than 5% of 443 bed-sediment samples collected from 19 study areas between August 1992 and March 1995 in the U.S. contained measurable quantities of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether(2).

A study examining water pollution control plants in Ontario, Canada, monitored the raw sewage, primary effluent, secondary effluent, lagoon effluent, tertiary effluent, raw sludges and treated sludge for 37 different plants; 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether was detected in a single sample of raw sewage at a concentration of 181.4 ug/l (detection limit=15 ug/l)(1).

4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether's former production and use as an additive flame retardant(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Bromination of organic precursors has been shown to occur during chlorination treatment operations of water, sewage and leachates(2). Bromide, which is widely distributed in nature, is oxidized by hypochlorous acid to hypobromous acid which is capable of forming bromo-organic compounds(1).

AQUATIC FATE: No information was found in the reviewed literature that would indicate hydrolysis as an aquatic fate for this cmpd. It is ... considered to be unlikely that any of the covalent bonds of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether will hydrolyze at ambient environmental conditions, since the negative charge-density of the aromatic ring will impede the nucleophilic attack of water or hydroxide ion.|AQUATIC FATE: No information was found in the reviewed literature that would support any role for oxidn of this cmpd as an aquatic fate. Indirect photolysis involving interaction of hydroxyl radical with the aromatic ring, is considered to be too slow in water to be environmentally significant for this cmpd. It is at present uncertain how much of this pollutant will volatilize into the atmosphere from surface waters. Any 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether that enters into the troposphere will be subject to photodegradation and reprecipitation with rain. The /proposed/ atmospheric half-life of unsubstituted benzene ... is 2.4 to 24 hr. ... A halogen substituent on an aromatic ring should decrease its susceptibility to photodegradation in the troposphere. Although the electron donating resonance effect of an oxygen substituent should facilitate destruction, it is uncertain how the presence of both groups will affect the atmospheric destruction of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether.|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.0012 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). No data are available pertaining to chemical degradation processes for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether in soil. A single biodegradation study suggests that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is resistant to biodegradation(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 hours and 10 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1300(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.9(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. A single biodegradation study suggests that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is resistant to biodegradation(8). Aquatic hydrolysis and oxidation (via singlet oxygen and peroxy radicals) are not important(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3).

It is reasonable to assume that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether will absorb electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet region of the terrestrial solar spectrum, since its analog, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether has electromagnetic absorption maxima at 272, 279 & 293 nm.|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). The aquatic photooxidation of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether via singlet oxygen or peroxy radicals is estimated to be too slow to be environmentally relevant(3). At a concn of 0.193 g/l in a cyclohexane solvent, 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether does not absorb UV light above 297 nm(4) suggesting that direct photolysis in the environment may not be important(SRC); however, kinetic rate data for environmental sunlight conditions are not available to confirm this suggestion(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 1300 was calculated for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

1.70e+04 L/kg|The octanol/water partition coefficient for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether, corresponding to /calculated/ log p= 4.28 is indicative of a marked preference for lipophilic organic materials over water. In addition, the polar nature of ether bond and the carbon-halogen bond, coupled with the cmpd's miscibility with most lipophilic material ensures sorption of 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether by organic detritus. Adsorption by clay particles is also thought to be highly probable, inasmuch as the polarity and planar geometry of this molecule should facilitate its intercalation within the layered clay structure. Evidence for sorption by suspended organic material is given by a sediment to water distributional ratio of 4:1 for 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether during biodegradation studies with sludge.|Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether can be estimated to be 4200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is estimated as 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 16 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is approximately 113 days if adsorption is considered(3). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.2X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

SURFACE WATER: In an analysis of the US EPA STORET Data Base, 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether was positively detected in 0.1% of 840 water observation points at a median concn below 10 ppb(1). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether has been qualitatively detected in raw water taken from the Mississippi River (in LA) in 1970(2).|DRINKING WATER: 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether has been qualitatively detected in raw and finished drinking water taken from the Mississippi R (in LA) in 1970, in finished drinking water collected in Cincinnati, OH in Jan 1976, and in unspecified finished drinking water (from the USA) collected in July 1975(1).|GROUNDWATER: 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether was detected in 1% of groundwater samples collected in EPA region 9 but not in EPA region 1-8 or 10 from a total of 500 disposal investigation sites in the U.S.(1).

Occupational exposure to 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether may have occured through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether was produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population occasionally may be exposed to 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether via ingestion of drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether(SRC). 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether has been detected in three finished drinking water samples from the USA(1).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

4-bromodiphenyl ether

Benzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-: ACTIVE|S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.|NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN THE USA

EPA Method 611. Haloethers in Wastewater by Gas Chromatography. Method detection limit=2.3 ug/l.|EPA Method 625. Protocol for the Analysis of Base/Neutral and Acid Extractable (BNA) Organic Priority Pollutants in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater. Method detection limit=1.9 ug/l.|EPA Method EAD 1625. Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS. Method detection limit=17 ug/kg.|OSW Method 8111. Haloethers: Capillary Column Technique.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for P-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree