2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

231.881

231.89

200-402-8

2442S914FX

1089

2428

2811|2020

DTXSID9021716

NEEDLES FROM LIGROIN, ACETIC ACID|BROWN FLAKES OR SUBLIMED MASS|LIGHT BROWN MASS

20.2

4.45

2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol appears as brown flakes or beige solid. Strong odor. (NTP, 1992)

1.839 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

70 °C

64 °C @ Press: 23 Torr

100°C

1.621

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 0.1 (very poor)

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED

4.23X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C

STRONG ODOR

Taste threshold conc: 0.001 mg/l

pKa= 5.22

Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL reacts as a weak organic acid and is incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides. Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas. May generate heat with bases. Such heating may initiate polymerization.

III

6.1(b)

2020

3

R25;R36/38;R50/53

S26-S28-S37-S45-S60-S61-S36/37-S16-S7

SM9275000

T,N,F

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Stable. Probably non-flammable.

P273-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P302 + P352 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H301 + H311-H315-H319-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Tetrachlorophenol/

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Phenols (1980) EPA 440/5-80-032

Literature sources indicate that this compound is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P405, and P501|H301+H311 (88.37%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 43 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material at ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|... SUBSTITUTION OF LESS IRRITATING SUBSTANCES, ... REDESIGN OF OPERATIONS, ... PREVENT CONTACT, PROVISION OF A PHYSICAL BARRIER AGAINST CONTACT, PROPER WASHING FACILITIES, WORK CLOTHING AND STORAGE FACILITIES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND BARRIER CREAMS. MEDICAL CONTROL ...

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Solid & 10% aq suspensions are not primary skin irritants. ... Dust may irritate nose & pharynx. /Penta- and tetrachlorophenol/|/Tetrachlorophenol/ dust has been found irritating to the nose and throat ... . /Tetrachlorophenol/|All chlorophenol ... dusts are ... irritating to the respiratory tract. /Chlorophenols/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

The substance may have effects on the liver. The substance may have effects on the skin. This may result in chloracne.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

F027; A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a component of a discarded unused formulation. /Tetrachlorophenol/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

Final effluent from the Hogsmill Valley municipal treatment works, London, contained 63 parts per trillion 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(1). It was detected, not quantified, in chemical and sewage treatment plant effluent in Chattanooga Creek, Chattanooga, TN(2). Mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in the effluent (influent) of six municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands were, ug/l: trickling filter, 0.06 (0.11), 0.10 (0.14); activated sludge, 0.11 (0.13), 0.18 (0.19); and oxidation ditch, 0.21 (0.25), and 0.06 (0.16)(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the effluent (influent) of a Swiss wastewater treatment plant at an average concn of 4.9 (7.3) ug/l(4). Treated pulp mill effluent contained 1.1 ug/l tetrachlorophenol(5). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol concns in the effluent water after the bleaching of pulp were 7.5 and 9.8 ug/l on Mar 16 and Nov 3, 1983, respectively(6). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in waste liquors of pine kraft pulp bleaching stages C and E at concns of 2.88 and 43.7 ug/l, respectively; 2.72 and 45.4 ug/l, respectively, were detected in the waste liquors in a chemically-bound form(7). Water samples collected within a sawmill using a chlorophenol wood preservative contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 0.66 to 79.30 ug/l and 12.40 to 179.00 ug/l in surface water and groundwater, respectively; samples of water taken from a blind drain 1 m from the dipping basin contained 14,300 ug/l 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(8). Waste liquors from two kraft pulp mills and one sulfite pulp mills in Central Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns of 10, 7 and 1 ug/l, respectively(9).

Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands (deposition area for Rhine River sediment), 0.9 ppb median, 8.9 ppb max (dry wt basis), 100% frequency of detection in 1 samples(1). Rhine River (The Netherlands), 3 sites 0.4 to 1.7 ppb (dry wt basis), highest concns are around river km 1000 (Lake Constance, Switzerland=0 km)(1). Detected in sediment 2 km and 10 km away from a sulfate pulp mill in the Baltic Sea(2). Tetrachlorophenol was found at 122 parts per thousand at the dripping area from freshly treated lumber and 42 parts per thousand 45 cm depth below lumber storage area(3). 100 ppb (dry matter) in an oligotrophic, remote lake in Finland which has no influent rivers with concns in dated sediment going back 100 yr and more(3).|SEDIMENT: 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in sediment collected from Lake Maraetai and Lake Waipapa, New Zealand, below the effluent discharge point of a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill, in 1991/1992 at concns of 2.1 and 3.6 ng/g, respectively(1). Sediment collected from the Gulf of Bothnia, off the East Coast of Sweden, at concns of 0.04 to 18 ng/g dry weight and 15 to 89 ng/g dry weight in May and Nov 1983, respectively(2). Sediment samples collected from 12 areas in the brook Pyhaoja, Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 0.024 to 1.622 ug/g dry weight(3).|SOIL: 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soil samples collected near wood-preserving facilities in four saw mills at the following concn ranges (depth, cm), mg/kg dry weight: 2.5 to 1,200 (0-5); 1.0 to 1,900 (5-20); 3.9 to 17,000 (10-15); 19 to 12,000 (15-20); 21 to 10,000 (20-25); 7.2 to 9,000 (25-35); 12 to 11,000 (35-45); and 2.6 to 620 (45-105)(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soil samples from a Finnish saw mill using technical chlorophenol as a wood preservative at concns of, mg/kg fresh weight (depth in cm): 994.6 (0-5); 1120.0 (5-20); 1776.4 (20-40); 736.4 (40-50); 348.2 (50-60); and 231.0 (60-70)(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soil at an abandoned Finnish sawmill near the wood-preserving facility at a concn of 730,000 ug/kg dry soil(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soil samples collected within the area of two Finnish sawmills using a chlorophenol wood preservative for 2 and 20 seasons at concns ranging from 18 to 42,400 and 3 to 25,607 ug/kg fresh weight, respectively(4). Soil samples, 0 to 10 cm, collected in May 1989 5, 7, and 10 m from the site of the dipping basin of the sawmill Sikoniemi, near the town of Kuopio in Central Finland, contained 338, not detected, and 157 ug/g dry soil 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, respectively(5).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Gas-phase 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in Portland, OR ranged from 0.064 to 0.62 ng/cu m from Feb to May 1984; average 0.27 ng/cu m(1).

WOOD SHAVINGS USED AS LITTER IN A POULTRY FARM WERE ANALYZED TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF THE OFF FLAVOR OF EGGS & POULTRY MEAT. THE CAUSE OF THE OFF FLAVOR WAS DETERMINED TO BE THE PRESENCE OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES IN THE WOOD SHAVINGS. 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (0.4-100 MG/KG) WAS FOUND IN 31 WOOD SHAVING SAMPLES.|Commercial pentachlorophenol contains 4-10% tetrachlorophenol(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in 12 of 12 northwest UK digested sewage sludges at a mean concn of 0.60 ug/l wet weight; range 0.28 to 1.03 ug/l wet weight(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the wood preservative Ky-5, used by two Finnish sawmills(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the dipping solution used in a Finnish sawmill; the total chlorophenol content of the solution was comprised of 74% tetrachlorophenol(4).

LD50 Mouse (C57, female) oral 150 mg/kg (solvent: propylene glycol)|LD50 Gerbil (female) oral 698 mg/kg (solvent: propylene glycol)|LD50 Mouse (C57, female) oral 131 mg/kg (solvent: ethanol)|LD50 Mouse (C57, male) oral 163 mg/kg (solvent: ethanol)|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 1 mg of penta- and tetrachlorophenol are formed per kg untreated timber burned in forest fires(1).

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol's former use as a preservative(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.45(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol from moist soil surfaces may be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). However, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol's pKa of 5.22(6) suggests this process may be attenuated under environmental pHs(SRC). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg(4). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol persisted for >72 days in a laboratory test with a soil inoculum(7). Another study reported that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol disappeared from soil to a large degree in 4 weeks(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 6040 to 7690 in river sediment, lake sediment and aquifer material(2), indicate that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) and water solubility of 1000 mg/l(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 43 and 320 days, respectively(3,SRC). However, a pKa of 5.22 for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(6) indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol will not significantly volatilize from water as it will exist predominately in the ionic form under environmental pHs(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), BCFs ranging from 25 to 200(8,9), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high(SRC). 51% (89%) disappearance of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was observed following 6 (24) hours irradiation (> or = 285 nm) in a 1:1 (v/v) water:acetonitrile mixture; 2,3,4-and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol were identified as photoproducts in the n-hexane extracts when the pH was changed to <1(10). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol, concn 100 mg/l, reached 7% of its theoretical BOD over 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(9). High-rate operation of an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor resulted in a 99.6% mean removal of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol over a period of 235 days(11). 74% removal of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was observed after 32 days anaerobic incubation in mixed digested sludge(12).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 58 days(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 58 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 51% (89%) disappearance of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was observed following 6 (24) hours irradiation (> or = 285 nm) in a 1:1 (v/v) water:acetonitrile mixture; 2,3,4- and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol were identified as photoproducts in the n-hexane extracts when the pH was changed to <1(2). Mean estimated times for 50% dissipation of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol from the water of treated limnocorrals at various depths were 8.8 h at 5 cm, 12.1 h at 50 cm, and 55.0 h at 100 cm(3).

199.53|In static bioconcentration tests, the log BCF for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in guppies was 2.30 after 24 hr(1) while for goldfish it was 1.95 after 12 hr(2). These correspond to BCFs of 200 and 89, respectively(SRC). BCFs of 25 to 62 and 36 to 95 were measured in carp for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at 10 and 1 ug/l, respectively(3). BCFs measured in the soft tissue of freshwater mussel, Anodonta anatina, ranged from 49 to 156; depuration half-lives in the soft tissue were generally less than 24 hours(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these BCFs suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high(SRC). The mean concn of free 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in the bile of rainbow trout exposed to a 2% v/v solution of biologically treated kraft mill pulp effluent for 30 days was 0.15 ug/ml; glucuronide acid conjugated 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was 19.4 ug/ml(6). The mean concn of free 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in the bile (plasma) of rainbow trout exposed to a 7:10:4 (w/v) mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol for 6 days was 14.8 (9.7) ug/ml; 1795 (16.3) ug/ml was in the conjugated form(6).

2.24e+03 L/kg|Koc values for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in river sediment, lake sediment and aquifer material ranged from 6040 to 7690; average value of 6640(1). The Koc of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is estimated as approximately 6300(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.45(2) and a regression-derived equation(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). In natural waters of low ionic strength and pH below approximately 6.4, the adsorption is dominated by the partitioning of the undissociated phenol between the aqueous phase and the organic phase contained in the sediment. However, at higher pH's, the contribution of the phenolate ion cannot be neglected(1). There is strong evidence that the adsorption of the phenolate species is also predominately a partitioning between the aqueous phase and organic matter in the sorbent and is dependent on the ionic strength of the aqueous phase(1). An equilibrium partition coefficient (Kp) of 1.8 was determined in batch equilibrium experiments using soil and groundwater (pH 10) from Alkali Lake, OR(7). In a laboratory experiment, 40% of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol sorbed to Weser estuary (Germany) sediment after 21 hr incubation at 14.5 °C; 65% was desorbed from the loaded sediment after another 21 hr(5). In contrast the partition ratios of 2,3,4,6- and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol between sediment/water and suspended matter/water from the Weser estuary were 38 and 6.3, respectively(5). In the Rhine River (The Netherlands) the median sediment to water ratio of tetrachlorophenol was 24(6). Log Kom values ranging from 1.275 to 2.750 were measured for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in 14 different soil and sediment samples; mean log Kom for anionic 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was 2.431(8). Freundlich sorption coefficients of 2.173, 6.373, 2.203, and 6.392 were measured in quartz (pH 7.5), calcite (pH 7.2), kaolinite (pH 7.0), and montmorillonite (pH 5.3), respectively(9). Sorption of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was negligible to two surface soils containing 2.8 and 2.1% organic matter, and in samples of deeper sediment layers, consisting of 92 to 98% clay and silt and 0.5 to 8.4% organic matter; a Kd value of 16.7 was measured in a surface soil sample containing 12.2% organic matter(10). Kf values of 95 and 85 were determined in Holten soil (6.1% organic matter and 2.4% clay) and Kooyenburg soil (3.7% organic matter and 1.4% clay), respectively)(11).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is estimated as 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.23X10-3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1000 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 43 days(3,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 320 days(3,SRC). A pKa of 5.22 for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(4) indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol will not volatilize from water or moist soil as it will exist predominately in the ionic form under environmental pHs(SRC). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in tap water collected from Janakka and Jyvaskyla City, Finland on 1/2/83 and 12/27/82 at concns of 16 and 9 ng/l, respectively(1).|SURFACE WATER: Rhine River, The Netherlands (med/max (frequency of occurrence in %)) in 1976 0.14/0.38 ppb(88%); 1977 0.08/0.56 ppb(90%); 1979/1980 0.07/0.20 ppb(92%)(1,2). Meuse and Ijssel Rivers, The Netherlands- (3 sites) 0.05 to 0.06 ppb(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol concns in a river-lake system in Sweden at the site of a chlorophenol spill were 310 ppb on the day following the spill immediately downstream from spill; other stations up to 15 km downstream of the spill and two weeks following release, concns ranged from <1.0 to 3.2 ppb(3).|SURFACE WATER: Water samples collected 10, 7, 1, and 0.25 km from the point of discharge of the Iggesund pulp mill, Sweden, contained 46, 94, 120, and 117 ng/l 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, respectively; concns in wastewater from the aerated lagoon were 1,240 ng/l(1). Median 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in rivers/streams and lakes of the Zagreb city area, Croatia were 3 and <1 ng/l(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol concns ranged from 8 to 115 ng/l in small streams adjacent to industrial facilities in the Zagreb city area(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in a water sample from a monitoring station on the Fenholloway River, FL, which receives discharge from a kraft mill, at a concn of 6 ug/l(4). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in water samples collected from 12 different areas in the brook Pyhaoja, Finland, at concns ranging from 0.024 to 16.4 ug/l(5). Water samples collected from Lake Vatia in Central Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 40 to 90 ng/l(6). SEAWATER: 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in seawater collected from the Gulf of Bothnia, off the East Coast of Sweden, at concns ranging from <1 to 84 ng/l on Sept 13, 1982 and 2 to 100 ng/l on Nov 3, 1983(3).|GROUNDWATER: Groundwater samples from wells in the city of Zagreb, Croatia contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at a maximum concn of 270 ng/l(1). Groundwater samples collected near Finnish landfills contained a median 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concn of 0.13 ug/l(3). Groundwater well samples collected in the vicinity of two sawmills in Central Finland using a chlorophenol wood preservative contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 0.01 to 0.57 ug/l(4).|RAIN/SNOW: 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol concns in rain collected during seven rain events in Portland, OR ranged from 10 to 34 ng/l; average concn, 20 ng/l(1). Water from melted snow and traffic polluted snow collected in South Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns of 83 and 602 ng/l, respectively(2).

Although no data on 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol could be located, the presence of pentachlorophenol in 1-3% of market basket surveys (and an estimated daily intake of 1-6 ug/day)(1) combined with the fact that tetrachlorophenol is a major impurity in commercial pentachlorophenol(4-10%) would lead to the speculation that residues of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol are in food which contains residues of pentachlorophenol.

Personal breathing-zone air samples from workers in a pentachlorophenol production plant contained 2,3,4,6- and 2,4,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at mean concns of 0.016 mg/cu m for pentachlorophenol reactor operators, 0.172 mg/cu m for finishing operators, 0.320 mg/cu m for handymen, 0.037 mg/cu m for spares (performed various job functions), and 0.037 mg/cu m for the pentachlorophenol reactor operator (block-disposal)(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the air in Swedish sawmills at mean concns of 1.6, 0.1, and 0.01 ug/cu m during trimming, grading, and packaging, respectively(2). Occupational exposure to 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol may occur through inhalation of vapors and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is used or where chlorophenol wood preservatives are used(SRC).

44 adipose and 13 liver samples were taken from 58 people from the southern and northern parts of Finland. Donors ranged from 3 mo to 91 yr, and none were known to be occupationally exposed. Upon tissue analysis, only very small residues of chlorophenols were found (in 61% of the samples). The median concn of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in adipose tissue samples was 0.002 ug/g fat, ranging from a trace amount (0.001 ug/g) to 0.031 ug/g. Only 2 liver samples were positive for tetrachlorophenol (0.002 and 0.007 ug/g). Both liver and adipose samples were obtained from the same donor only once. In this case tetrachlorophenol concn in adipose tissue was 0.003 ug/g fat, while in the liver no detectable amount was found. The age, smoking habit or fish intake of the donor did not have any relation to the chlorophenol concn found in the tissue sample.|Mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in adipose tissue samples of hospital patients from Helsinki, Tammisaari, and Kemi, Finland were 0.004, 0.004, and 0.006 ug/g residue fat, respectively(1). The mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concn in the adipose tissue of cadavers from the province of Uusimaa in Southern Finland was 0.005 ug/g residue fat(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the liver tissue of 2 of 13 cadavers from the province of Uusimaa in southern Finland at concns of 0.002 and 0.007 ug/g(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in serum of Finnish sawmill workers, following exposure to sodium chlorophenolate, at mean concns of 2.79 and 2.78 umol/l before and after working hours, respectively(2). The mean concn of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in the urine of Finnish sawmill workers during lumber treatment was 7.59 umol/l(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the urine of exposed Finnish sawmill workers from 2 of 3 sawmills at concns ranging from 5.1 to 14.9 ng/mg creatinine; it was detected in 2 non-exposed controls at concns of 1.1 and 8.6 ng/mg creatinine(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the urine of exposed workers in a Canadian pressure treatment plant at a mean concn of 0.11 mg/l and in the urine of Finnish sawmill workers at a mean concn of 1 mg/l, range <0.2 to 10 mg/l(4).

The compounds are readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract and from parenteral sites of injection. /Chlorophenols/|UNLIKE AQ SUSPENSIONS, TETRACHLOROPHENOL DISSOLVED IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS MAY BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN IN ACUTELY TOXIC AMOUNTS. /TETRACHLOROPHENOL/|AFTER IP ADMIN (4.9 MG) IN RATS, 95.9% 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL WAS ELIMINATED IN URINE WITHIN 48 HR.|AFTER INTRAGASTRIC DOSES OF 0, 300, 360, 410, 432, 518, & 632 MG/KG IN WISTAR RATS, THE HIGHEST TCP RESIDUES WERE FOUND IN THE SPLEEN (146 MG/KG), FOLLOWED BY KIDNEY (47 MG/KG) & LIVER (34 MG/KG). AFTER INTRAGASTRIC DOSES WITH 0, 10, 50, OR 100 MG/KG/7 DAYS/WK FOR 55 DAYS, THE HIGHEST TCP RESIDUE LEVELS WERE FOUND IN THE SPLEEN & KIDNEY.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... IN MALE WISTAR RATS, FED BY STOMACH TUBE 8 MG OF /HEXACHLOROBENZENE/ ... PER KG (IN SUNFLOWER OIL) FOR 19 DAYS ... URINE CONTAINED ... PENTACHLOROPHENOL, WHICH WAS ... SOMETIMES ASSOCIATED WITH 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL ... .|URINE & ORGANS OF RATS WERE EXAMINED FOR METABOLITES AFTER ORAL DOSAGE OF BETA-(BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE) (BHC). BETA-(BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE) WAS CONVERTED TO 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL & OTHER CHLOROPHENOLS.|LINDANE WAS METABOLIZED BY HUMAN & RAT LIVER MICROSOMES TO SEVERAL METABOLITES, INCLUDING 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL.|MALE & FEMALE RATS WERE GIVEN ORALLY WITHIN 1 MONTH 770 MG/KG HEXACHLOROBENZENE, & 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL WAS FOUND AS A METABOLITE IN KIDNEY, SPLEEN, & HEART SAMPLES.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

5 days /urinary excretion; workers exposed during lumber treatment/

CHLORINATED PHENOLS ... ARE VERY EFFECTIVE (... IN VITRO) AS UNCOUPLERS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. THEY THUS PREVENT INCORPORATION OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE INTO ATP WITHOUT AFFECTING ELECTRON TRANSPORT. AS A RESULT OF THIS ACTION, WHICH IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR @ MITOCHONDRIAL /MEMBRANE/, CELLS CONTINUE TO RESPIRE BUT SOON ARE DEPLETED OF ATP NECESSARY FOR GROWTH. /CHLOROPHENOLS/|The chlorophenols ... act at the sites of adenosine triphosphate production and decrease or block it without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More adenosine diphosphate and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce adenosine triphosphate but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. /Chlorophenols/

... Commercial grade 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol contained chlorodioxin isomers at levels of 28 ppm (hexa-), 80 ppm (hepta-), and 30 ppm (octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) as well as chlorodibenzofurans at levels of 55 ppm (hexa-), 100 ppm (hepta-), and 25 ppm (octachlorodibenzofuran).|Pentachlorophenol is an impurity in technical grade formulations of tetrachlorophenol.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and pharynx; conjunctivitis, corneal injuries, and dermatitis with repeated skin contact. Symptoms of exposure to phenols (through ingestion or contact with the skin or mucous membranes) may include painless blanching or erythema, possible corrosion, profuse sweating, intense thirst, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity; stupor; blood pressure fall; hyperpnea; abdominal pain; hemolysis; convulsions; coma; and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Skin sensitivity occasionally occurs. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, nose and pharynx. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chloride ion. It is an experimental carcinogen. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens, Corrosives

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Solid & 10% aq suspensions are not primary skin irritants, but repeated skin contact may result in acneform dermatitis. ... In eye conjunctivitis & slight-to-moderate corneal injuries are described. Dust may irritate nose & pharynx. Chronic exposure to a mixture of penta- and tetrachlorophenol is reported to have caused aplastic anemia in one adult. /Penta- and tetrachlorphenol/|An epidemiological study was conducted on occupational exposure to chlorophenates among paper industry workers. The cohort consisted of 1,932 male workers of a large paper, pulp, and sawmill factory. The workers were divided into three categories: comparisons, those subjected to exposure of airborne dust in proximity, and those who were dermally exposed to chemically treated lumber. All subjects answered a questionnaire on past and present health history, personal and life style characteristics, and occupational history. All workers also underwent a limited physical examination to measure height, weight, and blood pressure. Blood was sampled, and a number of clinical indices were measured. Concentrations of pentachlorophenate and tetrachlorophenate and the ratio of pentachlorophenate to tetrachlorophenate in urine were determined. Concentrations of blood hemoglobin among the three groups were essentially the same. Hematocrit and leukocyte counts were lower in the exposed groups and showed a dose/response relationship with exposure. Only the data on hematocrit was statistically significant for the dermal exposure group. Other serum clinical parameters showed no dose/response relationships. Erythrocytes were more common in the urine of exposed workers and were significant with a dose/response relationship only to the heavily exposed group. Concentrations of chlorophenates and pentachlorophenate/tetrachlorophenate ratios in urine were twice as high in the dermal exposure group. It was concluded that further studies are necessary to adequately correlate the changes in hematocrit and urinary excretion to the degree of chlorophenate exposure among workers. /Tetrachlorophenate/|... ABOUT AS ACUTELY LETHAL AS PHENOL ... .|POSSIBILITY THAT TETRACHLOROPHENOL ... /STIMULATES/ TISSUE OXYGEN METABOLISM & /INDUCES/ HYPERPYREXIA SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND, EVEN THOUGH HYPERMETABOLISM HAS NOT BEEN DESCRIBED IN EXPOSED ... HUMANS. /TETRACHLOROPHENOL/|Chlorophenols appear to be mildly hepatotoxic, and studies in animals indicate that pentachlorophenol may reduce humoral and cell mediated immunity as well as act as a cocarcinogen. /Chlorophenols/

2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Shortness of breath. Convulsions.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

The commercial tetrachlorophenol was composed of 73% tetra- and 27% pentachlorophenol. /Tetrachlorophenol/|Commercial pentachlorophenol contains 4-10% tetrachlorophenol.

Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-: ACTIVE|PRODUCT DISCONTINUED BY THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.|The isomers are separated from one another via gradient elution with ion-exchange resins.|Pure 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is not sold commercially because of the difficulty encountered in adjusting the chlorination at the tetra stage. It is found in combination with pentachlorophenol.

IDENTIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFS) IN COMMERCIAL CHLOROPHENOL FORMULATIONS BY GC/MS ANALYSIS.|TLC OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL ON SILICA GEL PLATES.|AN ANALYTICAL METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR THE CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (0.01 UG/L) FROM RHINE RIVER SURFACE WATER SAMPLES.|EPA Method 3540. Soxhlet Extraction. A solid sample is mixed with anhydrous sodium sulfate and extracted using an appropriate solvent in a Soxhlet extractor. The sample is then dried and concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus. This is a procedure for extracting nonvolatile and semivolatile organic compounds from solids such as soils, sludges, and waste.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DETERMINATION OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL IN URINE OF EXPOSED WORKERS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY.|DETERMINATION OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL IN HUMAN URINE BY GAS & LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION.|DETERMINATION OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL IN AIR & URINE OF EXPOSED WORKERS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY & ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION.|BLOOD SERUM FROM FIFTY-EIGHT WHITE FEMALES FROM DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA WERE ANALYZED BY GLC FOR THE PRESENCE OF 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens, Corrosives|WOOD PRESERVATIVES