9-Aminoacridine hydrochloride

230.69

230.06100

205-145-5

OR5RM3Q5QL

7571

DTXSID8030473

PALE YELLOW CRYSTALS

2933990090

38.91000

4.35340

9-aminoacridine hydrochloride appears as pale yellow crystals. One of the most highly fluorescent substances. (NTP, 1992)

1.268g/cm3

413.5ºC at 760mmHg

233.2ºC

1 G SOL IN 300 ML WATER & 150 ML ALCOHOL; SOL IN GLYCERIN

Oral-Mouse LD50: 78 mg/kg

Flammable; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride fumes

ODORLESS

BITTER TASTE

0.2% SOLN BETWEEN 5 & 6.5

NEUTRAL REACTION; ONE OF THE MOST HIGHLY FLUORESCENT SUBSTANCES; 1 G DISSOLVED IN 300 ML WATER FORMS A FAINT YELLOW SOLN WITH BLUISH-VIOLET FLUORESCENCE|UV: 2125 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /9-Aminoacridine/|log Kow= 3.0 /9-aminoacridine/

Insoluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

9-AMINOACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE forms from treatment of 9-aminoacridine with hydrogen chloride. Is amphoteric (reacts both as a weak acid and as a weak base).

3

22-24/25

AR7350000

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flash point data for this chemical is not available, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H301 (50%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this chemical should be controlled with CO2, dry chemical, or Halon foam extinguishers. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: It is recommended that two different glove types be used for best protection. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, remove them at once. SUGGESTED GLOVES: Butyl rubber, Neoprene, PVC, Latex (NTP, 1992)

highly toxic

STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST POSSIBILITY THAT ETHIONINE MIGHT ACT AS INHIBITOR OF CERTAIN DNA METHYLATION REACTIONS, INCL METHYLATION OF ADENINE RESIDUES WHICH IS ASSOC WITH PRODUCT OF ESCHERICHIA COLI DAM+ GENE & PLAYS IMPORTANT PART IN MISMATCH REPAIR. IT WAS REASONED THAT INHIBITION OF GENE PRODUCT EQUIVALENT TO THE DAM+ GENE PRODUCT BY ETHIONINE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM MIGHT MAKE THE CELLS PHENOTYPICALLY DAM-, IN WHICH CASE THEY SHOULD RESEMBLE THE ESCHERICHIA COLI DAM MUTANTS IN BEING HYPERMUTABLE BY 2-AMINOPURINE & 9-AMINOACRIDINE. RESULTS SHOW THAT ETHIONINE DOES SLIGHTLY ENHANCE YIELD OF TRP+ REVERTANTS OBTAINED FROM BASE-PAIR SUBSTITUTION SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM STRAIN TRPE8 FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH 2-AMINOPURINE, BUT THAT IT EXERTS VERY POWERFUL ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT IN CELLS OF STRAIN TA1537 TREATED WITH FRAMESHIFT MUTAGEN 9-AMINOACRIDINE.

9-Aminoacridine hydrochloride (9AH) ... was tested for its effects on reproduction & fertility in CD-1 mice using the NTP Report # RACB protocol. Data from a two wk dose-range-finding study (Task 1) were used to set exposure concns for the Task 2 continuous cohabitation study at 0.025, 0.05, & 0.1% in feed. Based on body weights & food consumption data, the estimated daily doses were nearly equal to 31, 66, & 145 mg/kg. One male & 2 female control mice, & one female in the middle dose group, died during the 18 wk Task 2 cohabitation phase. While the male mice in the high dose group gained less weight than controls, only high dose female mean body weights were significantly lower than control means during the study, by nearly equal to 10%. While 9AH consumption did not alter the number of litters/pair, the number of pups/litter or their viability, the pup weight adjusted for body weight was reduced by 9% in the high dose group. This pup weight reduction may be related to the reduced postpartum dam weights. In the absence of changes in F0 fertility parameters, Task 3 was not conducted, & the last litter from the control, middle, & high dose groups was reared by their dams. Approx 2/3rds of the pups in the high dose group died before /postnatal day/ 14, & pup weight at all times until weaning was reduced by nearly equal to 30%. Pup survival & weight gain in the middle dose group were not changed. The increased morbidity at the high dose left insufficient pups to evaluate for fertility effects. Thus, Task 4 was performed using controls & middle dose group mice. During the Task 4 mating trial, 9AH had no effect on the number of pups/litter, or their viability or weight. Thus, there was no adverse reproductive effect noted in the second generation at 0.05% 9AH. After the F2 pups were delivered & evaluated, the F1 adults were killed & necropsied. While female body weights at the middle dose were not changed, liver weight was increased by nearly equal to 30%, & adjusted kidney weights were reduced by nearly equal to 10%. For treated males, body weight was reduced by nearly equal to 10%, while adjusted liver weight was increased by nearly equal to 25%. Sperm indices at necropsy were unchanged, as was estrous cycle length. Thus, 9AH induced some developmental toxicity, in the form of reduced F1 pup weight, at the same dose that also reduced dam weight, & at doses > those that increased F1 liver weight. No changes in other fertility indices were observed. These data suggest that , for 9AH, the hepatic effects are > any reproductive effects. Developmental toxicity could not be separated from the general toxicity.

Exposure was primarily via the dermal route from topical antiseptics and vaginal creams containing the broad spectrum antimicrobial chemical.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Fluorescent Dyes; Indicators and Reagents; Mutagens|AMINACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE EXERTS GERMICICAL ACTIONS AGAINST BOTH GRAM-POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA & AGAINST FUNGI & TRICHOMONADS. IT IS NOT INACTIVATED BY PUS, SECRETIONS, OR BODY FLUIDS. IN THE TREATMENT OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS, TRICHOMONIASIS, OR HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS ...|ITS PRINCIPAL USE IS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS OF VAGINA & EXOCERVIX, SUCH AS MONILIASIS, TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS...OR AS PROPHYLACTIC AGENT IN VARIOUS GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES. IN ADDITION, IT FINDS USE IN TREATMENT OF TINEA VERSICOLOR. IT HAS ALSO BEEN USED IN TREATMENT OF MASTITIS.|EXPTL USE: EVIDENCE IS PRESENTED TO SUPPORT USE AS A SAFE & EFFECTIVE SURGICAL IRRIGANT IN DENTISTRY. AVAIL LITERATURE CONFIRMS THAT IT IS A POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, EFFECTIVE AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS COMMONLY FOUND IN SEPTIC WOUNDS & CAUSING MINIMAL TISSUE IRRITATION. ITS USE FOR ROUTINE ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION & AS ANTISEPTIC IN MANAGEMENT OF MAXILLOFACIA ABSCESSES IS RECOMMENDED.|MEDICATION (VET): Antiseptic

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) (See all compounds classified as Indicators and Reagents.)|Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)|Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)|Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. (See all compounds classified as Fluorescent Dyes.)

IN PRESENCE OF 9-AMINOACRIDINE-HCL, BACTERIOPHAGE P22 OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM WAS KILLED ON IRRADIATION WITH VISIBLE LIGHT; NEITHER THE COMPD NOR THE LIGHT ALONE INACTIVATED THE PHAGE. THE ACRIDINE INDUCED DAMAGE IN THE PHAGES BY 4 INDEPENDENT MODES: 1) FROM SHIFT MUTAGENESIS DURING PHAGE DNA REPLICATION; 2) ACRIDINE-SENSITIZED PHYTOTOXICITY TO PHAGE PARTICLES; 3) ACRIDINE-SENSITIZED PHOTOMUTAGENESIS; AND 4) INTERFERENCE WITH VIRUS ASSEMBLY. KINETIC ANALYSIS OF FORMATION & PHOTOINACTIVATION OF COMPLEX BETWEEN 9-AMINOACRIDINE-HCL & P22 INDICATED THAT ACRIDINES BOUND TO DNA BACKBONE & INTERCALATED BETWEEN THE BASIS COULD MEDIATE LETHAL DAMAGE TO DNA-INJECTION PROTEINS.|INFLUENCE OF SELF-COMPLEMENTARY OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES ON CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF PROTONS OF MUTAGENIC 9-AMINOACRIDINE WAS MEASURED. UPFIELD SHIFTS INDICATIVE OF INTERCALATIVE BINDING ARE FOUND IN CASES OF DG-DC, DC-DG & DA-DT-DG-DC-DA-DT BUT NOT IN DA-DT. GEOMETRIES FOR COMPLEXES ARE COMPATIBLE WITH CHEMICAL-SHIFT DATA & X-RAY STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX BETWEEN RI5C-RG & 9-AMINOACRIDINE DETERMINED BY SAKORE ET AL CAN BE IDENTIFIED USING RECENT THEORETICAL ESTIMATES OF SHIFTS INDUCED BY NUCLEOTIDE BASES.|INTERACTIONS OF 9-AMINOACRIDINE-HCL WITH IONIC CHANNELS WERE STUDIED IN INTERNALLY PERFUSED SQUID AXONS. KINETICS OF BLOCK OF SODIUM CHANNELS WITH 9-AMINOACRIDINE-HCL VARIED DEPENDING ON VOLTAGE-CLAMP PULSES & THE STATE OF GATING MACHINERY OFF SODIUM CHANNELS. IN AN AXON WITH INTACT H GATE, THE BLOCK EXHIBITED FREQUENCY- & VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CHARACTERISTICS. IT ALSO BLOCKED POTASSIUM CHANNELS.|EFFECT OF SEQUENCE ON BINDING TO DNA WAS INVESTIGATED BY STUDYING ITS INTERACTION WITH DEOXYDINUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATES OF DIFFERENT SEQUENCES USING PNMR. SIMPLEST MODEL THAT FITS THE DATA INCL 1) DIMERIZATION OF 9-AMINOACRIDINE AND 2) A MIXTURE OF 1:1 & 2:1 (DINUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATE/9-AMINOACRIDINE) COMPLEXES. THE 1:1 COMPLEXES SEEM TO INVOLVE INTERACTION OF THE RING NITROGEN WITH THE BACKBONE PHOSPHATE & STACKING OF ONE OR BOTH CHROMOPHORES ON THE ACRIDINE; PREFERENCE IN BINDING WAS OBSERVED FOR ALTERNATING (PURINE-PYRIMIDINE OR PYRIMIDINE-PURINE) OVER NON-ALTERNATING (PURINE-PURINE) DINUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATES. THE 2:1 COMPLEXES INVOLVE INTERCALATION OF ACRIDINE BETWEEN 2 COMPLEMENTARY DINUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATE STRANDS WITH WEAK SEQUENCE PREFERENCES IN BINDING. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF INTERACTION DIFFERS BETWEEN NON-ALTERNATING PURINE-PURINE SEQUENCES & ALTERNATING PYRIMIDINE-PURINE OR PURINE-PYRIMIDINE SEQUENCES IN HAVING 9-AMINOACRIDINE STACKED WITH PURINES OF 1 STRAND RATHER THAN STRADDLING PURINES ON OPPOSITE STRANDS. DIFFERENCES IN STEREOCHEMISTRY COULD POSSIBLY BE DETERMINING FACTOR IN FRAMESHIFT SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY.|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for 9-AMINOACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SYMPTOMS: This compound may cause local sensitization. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a local irritant. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

9 Aminoacridine

9-Acridinamine, hydrochloride (1:1): INACTIVE|USED AS REFERENCE COMPD IN THE VISCOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA COMBINED WITH SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC & FLUOROMETRIC STUDIES TO CHARACTERIZE THE MODE OF DNA BINDING OF ANTITRYPANOSOMAL & ANTITUMOR COMPOUNDS.