sec-Butylbenzene

134.22

134.22

1903902

205-227-0

8466

DTXSID2022333

Colorless liquid

2902 90 00

0

4.57

Clear Liquid

0.8580 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-82.7 °C

173.5 °C

114 °F

n 20/D 1.489(lit.)

17.6mg/l

2-8°C

4 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)

4.62 (Air=1)

Oral-Rat LD50: 2240 μl/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

0.8-6.9%(V)

Henry's Law constant = 0.018 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Relative permittivity = 2.357 @ 93.2 K|Freezing point: -75.68 °C; wt/gal: 7.2 lb @ 20 °C|Standard enthalpy of formation (liquid): -66.4 kJ/mol|Conversion factor: 5.49 mg/cu m = approximately 1 ppm @ 1 atm|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Lower flammable limit: 0.8% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 6.9% by volume

47.98 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

III

3

UN 2709 3/PG 3

3

10-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-51/53-38

23-24/25-45-36/37-16-7-61

CY9100000

F,T,N,Xi

Complete packaging, light loading and unloading; warehouse ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and stored separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air

P273-P391-P403 + P235-P501

H226-H315-H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Danger|H226 (79.22%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 83 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... /Butyl benzenes/

Flammable

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-container breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. ... /Butyl benzenes/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Butyl benzenes/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Butyl benzenes/|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Butyl benzenes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot. /Butylbenzenes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Butylbenzenes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Butylbenzenes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butylbenzenes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Sec-BUTYLBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

sec-Butylbenzene was detected in 1978 and 1983 at 10.7 and 11 ug/L, respectively, in the basin floodwater from the sewage treatment plant that treats domestic wastewater from Fort Devens, a US Army installation approximately 52 km northwest of Boston, MA(1,2). Emission from various stove and fuel types were measured for non-methane hydrocarbons in China; sec-butylbenzene, in combination with 1,2,4-methylbenzene, was not detected in 12 of the 16 fuel/stove combinations(3). Emission factors for sec-butylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were 1.77, 1.90, 1.47, and 0.030 mg of compound/kg dry fuel for honeycomb coal briquette with a metal coal stove with a flue and without a flue, coal powder with a metal coal stove with a flue, and coal gas with a traditional gas stove without a flue, respectively(3). sec-Butylbenzene was observed only at minor concns in the volatile organic compounds introduced in to the water by boats with combustion engines(4). sec-Butylbenzene was generally not detected effluent from 4 wastewater treatment plants in Milwaukee, WI, Akron, OH, Gary, IN, and Detroit, MI; a maximum concn of 74 ppb was detected in the effluent of 1 plant in Akron, OH(5). sec-butylbenzene was measured at a concn of 160 ug/L in the formation water (the water produced with oil and gas) from offshore oil production operations in the Gulf of Mexico(6). sec-Butylbenzene was detected in industry average gasoline, EPA certification gasoline and M-85 (85% methanol, 15% gasoline), respectively, but was not detected in either exhaust or evaporative auto emissions(7). sec-Butylbenzene was identified in the volatile organic compounds releases from textile floor coverings(8).

SOIL: Soil samples were collected from 30 industrial sites in Taiwan (8 chemical and petrochemical industrial districts, 2 technology industrial parks, 11 general industrial districts, 2 metal processing areas, 2 oil refinery plants, 1 pesticide manufacturing plant, and 4 landfills) were monitored for 60 volatile organic chemicals; sec-butylbenzene was detected, along with 2 other chemicals, with a frequency of approximately 0.4% in 705 soil samples(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: sec-Butylbenzene concns in the air from the exhaust ventilation system of the Elbtunnel, a major highway tunnel in Hamburg, Germany at 4 sites were 0.9, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 ug/cu m(1). Concns of sec-butylbenzene ranged from 0-3 ppb volume in morning air from Los Angeles, CA samples from September-November 1981(2). Combined sec-butylbenzene and iso-butylbenzene concns ranged from 0.002 to 0.012 ppb volume in ambient air in the Los Angeles basin(3). The mean ambient urban concn of sec-butylbenzene combined with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in Porto Alegre, Brazil, March 20, 1996 to April 16, 1997 was 7.9 mg/cu m; further analysis indicated that sec-butylbenzene accounted for <1% of the unresolved peak with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene(4). sec-Butylbenzene was detected in the air in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in 1979(5). sec-Butylbenzene was identified in the air samples collected in Paris, France in the fall of 1972(6). According to a national survey of ambient air, which included five site types (remote, rural, suburban, urban, and source dominated) the average daily atmospheric concns of sec-butylbenzene was 0.033 and 0.049 ppb volume for 137 suburban and 279 urban samples, respectively(7).|RURAL/REMOTE: sec-Butylbenzene was identified in forest air collected in the center of the Southern Black Forest (Kaelbelescheuer, Germany) in November 1984 and January 1985(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: sec-Butylbenzene was identified in the ambient air during 2 of 10 sample collections from the Kanawha Valley, WV, a heavily industrialized area with a wide variety of chemical industries(1). A survey of 8 different composting facilities found an average sec-butylbenzene air concn of 15 ug/cu m in 1 of the 10 areas sampled(2).

moderately toxic

LD50 Rat oral 2240 mg/kg bw

sec-Butylbenzene was detected in the air of the solfataric (volcanic area that gives off sulfurous gases and stems) fields of three active volcanoes on the Kunashir Islands off the coast of Russia in the Pacific Ocean(1).

sec-Butylbenzene's production and use as a solvent for coating compositions, organic synthesis, plasticizer, and surface active agents(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7,200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butylbenzene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of sec-butylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.018 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.75 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 17.6 mg/L(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The potential for volatilization of sec-butylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure(4). Based on an aquatic biodegradation screening test, where sec-butylbenzene was found to degrade 56-67% after 5 days when incubated at 25 °C with activated sludge(6), sec-butylbenzene may biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7,200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.018 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.75 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 17.6 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.4 hours and 4.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 88 days if adsorption is considered (6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 660(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Based on an aquatic biodegradation screening test, where sec-butylbenzene was found to degrade 56-67% after 5 days when incubated at 25 °C with activated sludge(9), sec-butylbenzene may biodegrade in aquatic environments(SRC). sec-Butylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), sec-butylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase sec-butylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). sec-Butylbenzene is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC), since it does not absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of sec-butylbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.9 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). sec-Butylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). sec-Butylbenzene is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC), since it does not absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(3).

An estimated BCF of 660 was calculated for sec-butylbenzene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of sec-butylbenzene is estimated as 7,200(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that sec-butylbenzene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for sec-butylbenzene is estimated as 0.018 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.75 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 17.6 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that sec-butylbenzene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 88 days if adsorption is considered (4). sec-Butylbenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The potential for volatilization of sec-butylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: sec-Butylbenzene was detected with a frequency of approximately 18% with a maximum concn of 11 ug/L in shallow groundwater beneath Denver, CO in 1993(1). sec-Butylbenzene was identified in the leachate plume from a closed, unlined municipal landfill located near Norman OK; groundwater was collected in November 1995 and April 1996 along a NE/SW transect extending approximately 200 m from the downgradient edge of the landfill in the general direction of groundwater flow(2). Nine urban studies of shallow groundwater carried out as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program; sec-butylbenzene was detected in fewer than 5% of the wells(3). Groundwater samples from existing wells at 30 industrial sites in Taiwan (8 chemical and petrochemical industrial districts, 2 technology industrial parks, 11 general industrial districts, 2 metal processing areas, 2 oil refinery plants, 1 pesticide manufacturing plant, and 4 landfills) were monitored for 60 volatile organic chemicals; sec-butylbenzene was detected, along with 7 other organic chemicals, with a frequency of approximately 2.5% of 214 samples(4). Groundwater samples were collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the US Geological Service from 2,948 well from around the US in 1985-1995; sec-butylbenzene was detected in wells in urban areas (n=406) and rural areas (n=2,542) with a frequency and range of 1.9% and approximately 1-10 ug/L, and 0.1% and approximately 0.2-5 ug/L, respectively(5). sec-Butylbenzene was not detected in groundwater from 2 wells sampled in 1978 and in 1983 down gradient from a sewage treatment plant at Ft. Devens, an army military camp about 32 miles northwest of Boston, MA(6,7). sec-Butylbenzene was detected at 0.57 ug/L in 1 groundwater sample from the Orange County Landfill in Orlando, FL collected in 1992-1993; it was not detected in 3 other samples at this site(8).|SURFACE WATER: The concn of 55 volatile organic compounds were determined in water samples from 30 sites from urban rivers and estuaries in Osaka, Japan, a populated industrialized city; sec-butylbenzene was detected (detection limit=0.34 ug/L) in 1 of 136 samples at approximately 0.4 ug/L(1). sec-Butylbenzene was not detected in surface water collected in 1992-1993 from water samples obtained from a swamp near the Orange County Landfill in Orlando, FL(2).

A total of 228 compounds, including sec-butylbenzene, were identified in the volatile flavor isolated from 540 pounds of baked potatoes(1). sec-Butylbenzene was detected in 5 foods of the 234 table-ready food items of the FDA Total Diet Study; the average concn was 5.67 ppb (range: 3.88-7.76 ppb), with the highest levels found in sauerkraut(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 52 workers are potentially exposed to sec-butylbenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to sec-butylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sec-butylbenzene is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to sec-butylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food and water(SRC).

They are metabolized by side-chain hydroxylation and conjugation for urinary excretion. /Butylbenzenes/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

sec-butylbenzene

Benzene, (1-methylpropyl)-: ACTIVE|The temperature range for smooth interaction of bromobenzene, 1-bromobutane, and sodium in ether to give butylbenzene is critical. Below 15 C reaction is delayed but later becomes vigorous , and above 30 C the reaction becomes violent.

Method: EPA-NERL 524.2, Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry; Analyte: sec-butylbenzene; Matrix: surface water, ground water, and drinking water in any stage of treatment; Detection Level: 0.12 ug/L.|Method: STD-METH 6200B, Purge and Trap Capillary-Column GC/MS Method; Analyte: sec-butylbenzene; Matrix: water; Detection Level: 0.02 ug/L.|Method: STD-METH 6200C, Purge and Trap Capillary-Column GC Method ; Analyte: sec-butylbenzene; Matrix: water; Detection Level: 0.01 ug/L.|Method: EPA-OSW 8021B, Aromatic and Halogenated Volatiles by GC/Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors; Analyte: sec-butylbenzene; Matrix: ground water, aqueous sludges, caustic liquors, waste solvents, oily wastes, mousses, tars, fibrous wastes, polymeric emulsions, filter cakes, spent carbons, spent catalysts, soils, and sediments; Detection Level: not provided.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Sec-BUTYLBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.