2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate

362.4

362.40

214-987-2

3082

DTXSID1025300

Liquid

29199000

44.8

5.730

2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate is a pale yellow liquid. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)

1.090 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-30 °C

375 °C

224 °C

1.5080 to 1.5110

H2O: Insoluble

2-8°C

3.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

LD50 oral in rabbit: 218mg/kg

5.42e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 5.42X10-5 atm cu m/mole at 25 °C

202.7 Ų [M+Na]+

... 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate does not ignite spontaneously below 1000 °F and remains fluid at low temperatures ... .|MP: -80 °C; BP: 330 °C; VP: 0.5 mm Hg at 100 °C|Very low vapor pressure|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.98X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Organophosphates, such as 2-ETHYLHEXYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides

III

9

UN 3082

2

50/53

60-61

TC6125000

N

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P260, P273, P314, P391, P501

H373

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|Substances classified as plasticizers, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include ... diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate.

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

Probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H400 (95.93%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 875 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H373: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]|P260, P314, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection not required. For nuisance exposures use type OV/AG (US) or type ABEK (EU EN 14387) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

The concentration of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate in sludge samples taken from 11 sewage treatment plants located throughout Sweden was 320-4600 ng/g dry weight, samples were collected 2002 to 2003(1). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was not detected (detection limit not reported) in samples from three waste water treatment plants located in Galicia, Spain; samples were collected Nov 2007, Feb, Jun and Sep 2008(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is a liquid. It is used as a plasticizer for food-wrapping films, for films for tubings for skinless sausages, and for other meat packaging. This compound is also the main component in certain nonflammable hydraulic fluids used in large aircraft. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The chemical was measured in paired indoor air and dust samples from daycare centers and the level was correlated with the respective metabolite levels in urine of children. In other studies diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was given to humans. The amount of phenol (in all forms) found was 96%. The amounts in the feces and urine were respectively 83% and 13% in human subjects. The intestinal absorption of the chemical in humans was low. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a 90 day study rats were fed diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate. All doses showed changes in blood chemistry, liver and adrenals. In a one-generation reproductive study in rats F1 pup body weight gain was reduced and 21-day survival was reduced in the high-dose pup group. A dose-related increase in relative and absolute liver and adrenal weight was seen in each sex of the parental and F1 generation. Mammalian cell mutation assay with Fischer mouse lymphoma L5178Y line was negative. In a microbial cell mutation assay, Salmonella typhimurium TA-1535, TA-1537, TA-1538, TA-98, TA-100 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4 treated with diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate were negative for mutagenicity with and without metabolic activation. In an in vivo bone marrow chromosome study in rat no statistically significant differences in chromosome structural defects or number between treated and control animals were found. In rats the major metabolites detected in the urine were diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and phenol. p-Hydroxyphenyl phenyl phosphate (OH-DPP) and monophenyl phosphate (MPP) were also identified as minor metabolites.

LC50 Rabbit i.v. 218-272 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rabbit dermal > 7940 mg/kg bw|LC50 Rat inhalation 24000 mg/kg bw|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DIPHENYL-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate's production and use as plasticizer(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is approved for use in food packaging and may leach into food(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32,200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.42X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). Biodegradation data for diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate in soil were not available(SRC, 2014). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was biodegraded 5-99% in aquatic systems(4).|AQUATIC FATE: In outdoor experiments performed in small, artificial ponds, 62% of the applied diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was found adsorbed to sediment after 1 hr; 24% of the amount originally applied was adsorbed after 360 days(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(2) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.42X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(2), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 36 hours and 17 days, respectively(SRC). However, in artificial pond experiments, volatilization of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was 8% over a 21 day period; volatilization was low due to adsorption to sediment(1). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate may slowly hydrolyze in the environment at high alkalinity, based on an estimated half-life of 117 days at pH 9(3). According to a classification scheme(4), BCFs of 194-735 in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(5) and 1147 and 1481 in rainbow trout fry (Salmo gairdneri)(6), suggest the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Biodegradation half-lives of 5.3 and 4.5 days using river water and eutrophic pond water inoculum, respectively(7), suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate may slowly hydrolyze in the environment at high alkalinity, based on an estimated half-life of 117 days at pH 9(1). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

309.03|BCFs of 433-735 and 194-426 were reported in carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed to diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/L, respectively, over an 8-week period(1). An experimental bioconcentration factor in rainbow trout for diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, obtained in outdoor experiments performed in small, artificial ponds 10 hr post-treatment, was 170(2). In rainbow trout fry (Salmo gairdneri), BCFs of 1147 and 1481 were reported after respective, 50 and 5 ug/L diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate exposure in a static system for 24 hours(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). In outdoor experiments performed in small, artificial ponds, where the initial concentration of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was 50 ug/L, 1% to 2% of the amount applied was found to bioconcentrate in fathead minnows 18 hrs after application which decreased to 0.1% to 0.3% of the amount originally applied after 105 days(5).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate can be estimated to be 32,200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil. In outdoor experiments performed in small, artificial ponds, 62% of the applied diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was found adsorbed to sediment after 1 hr; 24% of the amount originally applied was adsorbed after 360 days(3).

The Henry's Law constant for diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is 5.42X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 36 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 days(SRC). In outdoor experiments performed in small, artificial ponds, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate at an initial concentration of 50 ug/L was found to undergo 8% loss due to volatilization over a 21 day period(1). This compares to a calculated half-life for volatilization of 98 hr from a pond 0.5 m deep, and partitioning of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate to sediment was thought to be the major reason for this discrepancy(1). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-5 mm Hg(3).

GROUND WATER: Ground water results reported by the UK Environment Agency for 1992 to 2009 indicated diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was detected 68 times from 68 different cites with a maximum concentration of 2.7 ug/L(1).|DRINKING WATER: Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was not detected (detection limit not reported) in drinking water samples from five private homes located in the city of A Coruna and from finish water sampled from the drinking water treatment plant in the city of Ponteceso in Galicia, Spain; samples were collected Nov 2007, Feb, Jun and Sep 2008(1).|SURFACE WATER: Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was not detected (detection limit not reported) in surface water samples from six locations along the Mero River Basin and one location along the Anllons River Basin located in Galicia, Spain; samples were collected Nov 2007, Feb, Jun and Sep 2008(1).

Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was identified in US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Total Diet Studies for adults, conducted from Oct 1979 to Sept 1980, 5 of 240 total food composites contained 1.3-12 ppm, 1 meat fish and poultry composite at 2.0 ppm, and 4 oils and fats composites had 1.3-12 ppm(1). In the FDA Total Diet Studies for infants and toddlers, conducted from Oct 1979 to Sept 1980, 0 of 13 infant diet composites and 2 of 13 toddler diet composites of meat, fish, and poultry contained diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate at 0.030-0.261 ppm and 1 of 13 sugar and adjuncts composites had 0.330 ppm(2). In the FDA total diet studies for adults, conducted from Oct 1980 to Mar 1982, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was found in 11 of 324 total food composites at 0.070-7.10 ppm, 1 meat, fish and poultry composite at 0.070 ppm, 1 grain & cereal products composite at 0.485 ppm, and 9 oils and fats composites at 0.395-7.10 ppm(3). In the FDA Total Diet Studies for infants and toddlers conducted from Oct 1980 to Mar 1982, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was found in 1 of 13 infant diet composites of meat, fish and poultry products at 0.454 ppm and 3 of 13 toddler diet composites of sugar and adjuncts at 0.070-0.211 ppm(4). Diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was found in a margarine/wrapper sample composite at 50 ppm, in margarine at 20 ppm, and in a plastic bread bag at 400 ppm but only 0.5 ppm in the bread itself(5). In a 10 year revised market basket study conducted by the FDA, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was detected in 146 of 17,050 samples in 41 of 230 different food types at an average of 0.5120 ug/g; the study was run from 1982 to 1991(6).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 21,161 workers (4366 of these are female) were potentially exposed to diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate via ingestion of food contaminated with it(SRC).

2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate was given in daily doses of ... to rabbits in daily doses of 0.625-2.50 mL/kg. ... The amount of phenol (in all forms) found was ... 94% in rabbits. ... The amounts in the feces and urine were respectively ... 74% and 19.5% in rabbits. ... The intestinal absorption of 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate is low.|2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate was given in daily doses of 5 mL/kg to humans. ... The amount of phenol (in all forms) found was 96% in humans. ... The amounts in the feces and urine were respectively 83% and 13% in human subjects. ... The intestinal absorption of 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate is low.|The metabolic fate of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) was studied in male rats. Orally administered (14)C-EHDPP was rapidly absorbed and about 80% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine and feces in the first 24 hr. By 7 days, 48% and 52% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine and feces, respectively. Since biliary excretion was low (6% for 2 days), urine seems to be the major excretion route of EHDPP. Radioactivity was widely distributed in all tissues examined. At 2 hr, the concentration was relatively high in blood, liver kidney and adipose tissue. The elimination of radioactivity from adipose tissue and liver was somewhat delayed, but almost all the radioactivity was eliminated by 7 days. The major metabolites in the urine were diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and phenol. p-Hydroxyphenyl phenyl phosphate (OH-DPP) and monophenyl phosphate (MPP) were also identified as minor metabolites.

The metabolic fate of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) was studied in male rats. Orally administered (14)C-EHDPP was rapidly absorbed and about 80% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine and feces in the first 24 hr. ... The major metabolites in the urine were diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and phenol. p-Hydroxyphenyl phenyl phosphate (OH-DPP) and monophenyl phosphate (MPP) were also identified as minor metabolites.

0.71 Days

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Toxic. Hazardous decomposition products. Experimental carcinogen. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SURVEILLANCE/ Organophosphate (OP) flame retardants and plasticizers are chemicals that have been used in large quantities in diverse consumer and building-related products for decades. In the present study, OPs were measured in paired indoor air and dust samples from 63 daycare centers in Germany. Moreover, the urine of 312 children between 22 and 80 months old who attend these facilities was analyzed for the presence of eight OP metabolites. Tri-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate (TBEP), tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TnBP) were present in low concentrations in indoor air, with median values of 49ng/cu m, 2.7ng/cu m, and 2.2ng/cu m, respectively. In dust, median values of 225mg/kg for TBEP, 2.7mg/kg for TCPP, 1.1mg/kg for diphenyl(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and 0.5mg/kg for tri-phenyl-phosphate (TPhP) were found. In the urine samples, the metabolites di-phenyl-phosphate, di-n-butyl-phosphate, and di-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate had median values (95th percentiles) of 0.8ug/L (4.0ug/L), 0.2ug/L (0.9ug/L), and 2.0ug/L (10.7ug/L), respectively. A significant correlation was found between the dust and air samples in the levels of TnBP, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and TBEP. For TCEP and TBEP, significant correlations were also observed between the levels in dust and the respective metabolite levels in urine. For TCEP, there was also a significant correlation between the concentration in indoor air and metabolite levels in urine. Based on the 95th percentile in dust and air in our study and data from residences in a previously published study, the daily intake of the most abundant OP (TBEP) is high (i.e., 3.2ug/kg b.w.). This level is approximately 6.4% of the reference dose (RfD) established by the NSF, U.S.A. Overall, the study shows that daycare centers are indoor environments that contribute to OP exposure.

2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate

... Known in USA under the name of Santicizer 141 (Monsanto Chemical Corp), and in Germany under name of Disflamoll DPO (Bayer).

Plastic material and resin manufacturing|Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl ester: ACTIVE|TP - indicates a substance that is the subject of a proposed TSCA section 4 test rule.|Phosphate ester diffusion from wrapping material into food appears to happen in foods that are moist or lipoid in nature or that have made long term contact with a contaminated wrapping material. Aryl or alkyl phosphates have not been found in dry food products using the procedures as described in this report. /Aryl and alkyl phosphates/|Has widespread use due to its combination of plasticizing efficiency, low temperature properties, migration resistance, and fire retardancy

Method: NIOSH 7905, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography, phosphorus flame photometric detection; Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.005 ug/sample. /Phosphorus/|A UK survey of plasticizer levels in retail foods (73 samples) wrapped in plasticized films or materials with plasticized coatings has been carried out. A wide range of different food-types packaged in vinylidene chloride copolymers (PVDC), nitrocellulose-coated regenerated cellulose film (RCF) and cellulose acetate were purchased from retail and 'take-away' outlets. Plasticizers found in these films were dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) in PVDC, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and diphenyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphate (DPOP) in RCF coatings, and diethyl phthlate (DEP) in cellulose acetate. Foodstuffs analysed included cheese, pate, chocolate and confectionery products, meat pies, cake, quiches and sandwiches. Analysis was by stable isotope dilution GC/MS for DBP, DCHP and DEP, GC/MS (selected ion monitoring) for BBP and DPOP, and GC with flame ionization detection for DBS and ATBC, but with mass spectrometric confirmation. Levels of plasticizers found in foods were in the following ranges: ATBC in cheese, 2-8 mg/kg; DBS in processed cheese and cooked meats, 76-137 mg/kg; 76-137 mg/kg; DBP, DCHP, BBP, and DPOP found individually or in combination in confectionery, meat pies, cake and sandwiches, total levels from 0.5 to 53 mg/kg; and DEP in quiches, 2-4 mg/kg.|Diphenylethylhexyl phosphate detn in air by photometry.

An analytical method for the determination of 14 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), including halogenated OPFRs, non-halogenated OPFRs and triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO) in biological samples was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Biological samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with hexane/acetone (1:1, v/v) as the solvent; then, a two-step clean-up technique, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) combined with solid phase extraction (SPE), was carried out before GC/MS analysis. Experimental results showed that the developed method efficiently removed the lipid compounds and co-extract interferences. Moreover, using the relatively "narrow" column (with an i.d. of 10 mm) significantly decreased the elution volume and, therefore, prevented the loss of the most volatile OPFRs, especially trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). The method detection limits (MDLs) for OPFRs in the biological samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.021 ng g(-1) lw, and the recoveries were in the range of 70.3-111%, except for TMP (38.9-55.6%), with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 14.1%. The developed method was applied to determine the amount of the target OPFRs in biological samples (i.e., fish and domestic birds) that were collected from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China. Of the 14 OPFRs, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) were present in all of the biological samples that were analyzed, and dominated by TnBP, TCEP and TBEP. The concentrations of OPFRs in the biological samples that were collected from the PRD region were higher than those reported in other locations.