Carminic acid

492.39

492.39

215-023-3

CID8Z8N95N

DTXSID9022817|DTXSID2044216|DTXSID2045735

Red monoclinic prisms from aqueous methanol|Dark, purplish-brown mass or bright-red powder|Deep red color in water; yellow to violet in acid solutions

32129000

242.51000

4.80

Red to dark red Crystalline Powder

1.9±0.1 g/cm3

136 °C (decomp)

907.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

316.1±27.8 °C

1.792

less than 1 mg/mL at 70° F (NTP, 1992)

Refrigerator

5.07X10-27 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

15654 +51.6° (water)

pH = 4.8 (yellow); pH = 6.2 (violet)

Henry's Law constant = 6.57X10-32 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa1 = 2.81; pKa2 = 5.43; pKa3 = 8.10

Bright-red, light pieces, easily reduced to powder; practically insoluble in cold water or dil acid; partly soluble in hot water; soluble in borax, alkali hydroxides and alkali carbonates giving deep red solutions /Aluminum calcium lake/

Soluble in water [Hawley].

Acids, Carboxylic

CARMINIC ACID neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

NONH for all modes of transport

2

22-24/25

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is revising its requirements for cochineal extract and carmine by requiring their declaration by name on the label of all food and cosmetic products that contain these color additives. This final rule responds to reports of severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, to cochineal extract- containing food and carmine-containing food and cosmetics and will allow consumers who are allergic to these color additives to identify and thus avoid products that contain these color additives. This action also responds to a citizen petition submitted by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI).

Flash point data for this compound are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Not Classified

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material at ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Carminic acid occurs as a glucosidal coloring matter from the scale insect Coccus cacti L., Homoptera (cochineal)(1).

Carminic acid's production and use as a colorant in cosmetics(1) and as pigments and stains in photography and chemistry applications(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 440(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that carminic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa values of carminic acid are 2.81, 5.43 and 8.10(3), indicate that this compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize(SRC). Carminic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.07X10-27 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 440(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that carminic acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa values of 2.81, 5.43 and 8.10(3) indicate carminic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.97(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), carminic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.07X10-27 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase carminic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Carminic acid contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC); its UV absorption maxima is approximately 500 nm in water(4) and primary aliphatic alcohols(5).

Carminic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Carminic acid contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Carminic acid's UV absorption maxima in water is 500 nm(2); in primary aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol) the absorption maxima was measured as 496 nm(3).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for carminic acid(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.97(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of carminic acid can be estimated to be 440(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that carminic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa values of carminic acid are 2.81, 5.43 and 8.10(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in anion form the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The pKa values of 2.81, 5.43 and 8.10(1) indicate carminic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize(SRC). Carminic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.07X10-27 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

Occupational exposure to carminic acid may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where carminic acid is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to carminic acid via ingestion of food and beverages containing carminic acid dyes, and dermal contact with cosmetic products containing carminic acid. (SRC)

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)|Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods. (See all compounds classified as Food Coloring Agents.)

The food coloring carminic acid redox cycles to produce free radicals. These radicals, in the presence of trace amounts of iron salts, readily damage membrane lipid and degrade the carbohydrate deoxyribose. Damage to membrane lipid appears to involve mainly organic oxygen radicals such as alkoxy and peroxy radicals, whereas that to deoxyribose implicates the hydroxyl radical formed in a Fenton-type reaction. Antioxidants and iron chelators prevent such damage.|The antitumor agent carminic acid did not bind to DNA but nicked it slowly, more rapidly when reduced in situ, & still more when prereduced at the quinone moiety.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... The occurrence of positive skin prick test (SPT) reactions to mites was studied in 6,464 patients: 3,164 were tested with carmine and 2,837 with shrimp. Carmine ingestion-associated symptoms were registered at the time of testing. Patients with positive SPT to carmine received a follow-up questionnaire on their symptoms 1-5 years later. RESULTS: Positive SPT reactions to carmine were seen in 94 patients (3.0%) of whom 74% also had positive SPT reactions to mites and 22% to shrimp. Carmine ingestion-associated symptoms were not dependent on concurrent mite reactivity in 39/94 (42%) patients... /Carmine/|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A 42-year-old non-atopic male presented with a 5-year history of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma on occupational exposure to food additive dusts. Symptoms increased after work. The patient had been exposed for more than 20 years. ... Skin prick tests were performed with a battery of common inhalant allergens and spices. Cochineal, carmine lake and additive mixes used by the patient were extracted and subsequently used for skin prick test, bronchial provocation and in vitro measurements (specific IgE, Western blot and chromatographic fractionation). ... Prick tests were positive to carmine and carmine-containing additives; carmine-specific IgE and bronchial challenge tests were also positive (PC20 = 0.0004 mg/mL and 1.6 kU/L). Western blot showed IgE binding to bands of about 30 kDa on cochineal extract and a diffuse pattern at 40-97 kDa on carmine. This result was confirmed by gel filtration chromatography and dot blot. Carmine completely inhibited IgE binding to cochineal extract... /Carmine/|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A 33-year-old female ... recurrently exhibited urticaria accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and dyspnea after taking red-colored food. From her history, ... cochineal dye /was suspected/ to be the cause of her symptoms. Oral provocation test using cochineal dye-stained red-colored boiled-fish-paste induced urticaria and respiratory symptoms. Furthermore the prick tests and the scratch tests with cochineal dye and carminic acid, the major ingredient of cochineal dye, were also positive. These results indicate that type 1 allergy to cochineal dye caused urticaria in this patient. Thereafter, she avoided the foods containing a cochineal dye and showed a complete clinical remission... /Cochineal dye/|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A woman with documented carmine hypersensitivity ... reported anaphylaxis 90 minutes after ingestion of a generic azithromycin. ... Investigations revealed that this was an allergy to the carmine dye in the tablet's coating rather than to the antibiotic. ... Patients with a carmine hypersensitivity should actively check with their pharmacy or prescribing physician to verify their medications are free of this offending agent. /Carmine/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Carminic acid (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxyl-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-: ACTIVE|Cochineal (dye): ACTIVE|Carmine is normally 50% or more carminic acid|There has...been...confusion regarding differentiation between /carmine, carminic acid & cochineal/... Cochineal is red coloring material consisting of dried bodies of female insect coccus cacti. ... Active coloring matter is carminic acid... Carmine is aluminum lake of carminic acid...

TLC IDENTIFICATION OF DYES IN COSMETICS.

Food additives|Cosmetics -> Cosmetic colorant