Beryl (Al2Be3(SiO3)6)

537.5

542.81700

215-101-7

1566

Colorless or green-yellow crystals; hexagonal|Colorless, white, blue-green, green-yellow, yellow or blue crystals

379.14000

-3.74820

2.64 g/cm³

1650 °C

1.56-1.57

Slightly soluble in sulfuric acid under extreme conditions

Thermal decomposition of toxic beryllium oxide fumes

Gemstone beryl (emerald, aquamarine, and beryl) approaches a pure beryllium-aluminum-silicate composition.|Mohs Hardness: 7.5-8

1566

20/21/22-36/37/38

26-36/37/39

DS1400000

Ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from food materials in warehouse

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

|Warning|H302+H312 (100%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/[Table#4325]|Respirator Recommendations: Escape: /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/ [Table#4326]|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendations involving the wearing of eye protection. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Beryllium compound, NOS/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... /Beryllium compound, NOS/|The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated sould be removed and replaced. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Beryllium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Beryllium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Beryllium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Beryllium compound, NOS/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BERYL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Beryllium compounds, NOS/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 2 ug/cu m. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration: 5 ug/cu m. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift. Concentration: 25 ug/cu m. Maximum Duration: 30 minutes. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/

NIOSH considers beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) to be potential occupational carcinogens. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|Recommended Exposure Limit: Ceiling Value: 0.0005 mg/cu m. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Beryllium compounds are included on this list. /Beryllium Compounds/

Beryl mining is not a major contributor to be air pollution.

most toxic

Beryl, the ore of beryllium is found chiefly in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Brazil, Argentina, and India. Principle sources in the USA are Colorado, Maine, New Hampshire, and South Dakota. There are also deposits in Canada(1). Although forty-five beryllium-containing minerals have been identified, only beryl and bertrandite are of commercial importance(2). Beryl is found in mica, schist, granite, pegmatite, and argilite. Large deposits are also found in Mozambique, Madagascar, Uganda, and Russia(3).|Beryl is found in pegmatite,geological distribution: widely distributed. /From table/|Black Hills of South Dakota and Colorado, and now Utah, produce most of Be ore in US; New Mexico and New Hampshire supply some.|Beryl is the most abundant of minerals containing high concentration of Be oxide (10-13%). Major sources...are Argentina, Brazil, India, southern Rhodesia & South Africa|Beryllium is concentrated in silicate minerals relative to sulfides. In common crystalline rocks, the element is enriched in the feldspar minerals relative to ferromagnesium minerals and apparently replaces the silicon ion; 85-95% of the total crystal beryllium may be bound in the feldspar structures. ... The greatest known concentrations of beryllium are found in certain pegmatite bodies, where crystals of beryl account for a few percent of the total pegmatite volume, and may be found in several of the strata of zoned dykes. The element is sometimes concentrated in hydrothermal veins, and some granitic rocks contain sufficient amounts to permit the crystallization of small amounts of beryl.

Beryl ore has not caused detectable illness in humans...may be because beryl and other /Be-ores/...occur in small veins and ... mined by small numbers of men in widely separated mines. ...Beryl miners are likely to be exposed to other dusts, esp silica, and any chest x-ray changes or symptoms would be diagnosed as silicosis.|Naturally occurring beryl ores have, to date, caused no illness. Men working such ores are few & have been exposed to other mineral & uncertain silica levels.|Most persons suffering from beryllium poisoning come from plants extracting Be from beryl ore. Cutaneous irritations and conjunctivitis are frequently seen. Acute respiratory diseases may occur and progress unless continued exposure is prevented.|OSHA estimates that approx 25,000 workers are exposed to beryllium. Among these are beryllium ore miners, beryllium alloy makers and fabricators, phosphorus manufacturers, ceramic workers, missile technicians, nuclear reactor workers, electric and electronic equipment workers and jewelers. /Beryllium/

Carcinogens

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Beryllium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Most persons suffering from beryllium poisoning come from plants extracting BE from beryl ore. Cutaneous irritations and conjunctivitis are frequently seen. Acute resp diseases may occur and progress unless continued exposure is prevented.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Acute illness ... in beryllium industry ... reported ... /during/ ... processing of beryl ore for production of beryllium oxide. Thirty-eight cases with five deaths ... reported. Symptoms include cough, dyspnea, substernal pain, anorexia, increasing fatigue, and weight loss.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Chronic be disease may result from prolonged inhalation of small amt. Patients may be ill for about 3 yr; few recover completely & mortality rate is about 20%. There may be 10 yr lapse between exposure & development of disease incl attacks of pneumonitis with be exposure.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Beryllium is a component of many mine dusts, in the form of the mineral beryl (3Be0.6Al[2]0[3].6SiO[2]). Miners exposed to beryl-containing dusts had 3-7 fold higher incidences of pneumoconiosis and 9-12 fold higher incidences of chronic pneumonia than did unexposed miners having comparable lengths of service and working conditions. Simultaneous exposure to silica and beryl dusts produces a distinctive fibrotic condition of the lung, silicoberylliosis. This condition appears after as little as 5 years of exposure.

beryl

Since 1971, bertrandite ore has replaced beryl ore as the major source of beryllium in the u.s. The total domestic consumption of beryllium values is: beryllium-copper alloy containing 0.5-2.0% beryllium, 70-80%; beryllium metal, 15-20%; beryllium oxide, 4-8% (1976)

The chemical composition of beryl ore samples...be (4.14%), aluminum trioxide (18.1%), silicon oxide (65.5%), fe2o3 (1.1%), manganese dioxide (1.0%), magnesium oxide (1.1%), sodium oxide (0.5%), nickel oxide (0.5%).

Beryl (Al2Be3(SiO3)6): ACTIVE|Prior to 1971/ beryl ore /was/ the chief commercial source of beryllium... beryl is the most abundant of minerals containing high concn of Be oxide (10-13%).|Sometimes with replacement of beryllium by sodium, lithium, cesium. A natural silicate of beryllium & aluminum.|World prodn...was 7000 short tons in 1958, declining from 12,000 tons...2 previous yr. Domestic prodn...fluctuated around 500 tons since 1950...consumption reached...6000 tons /in 1958/.|Aquamarine and emeralds are precious forms of beryl|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for BERYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens