Niclosamide ethanolamine salt

388.2

385.059601

215-811-7

QT8YUD1Z0W

DTXSID3020338

BRIGHT YELLOW, CRYSTALLINE

141

4.09340

Clonitralid is a yellow solid. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)

216 °C

424.5°C at 760 mmHg

149 °F

In hexane and toluene, <0.1 g/L at 20 deg C; in dichloromethane, 0.015 g/L at 20 deg C; in isopropanol, 0.25 g/L at 20 deg C.

Store in original container, preferably in locked area, away from children, food, feed.

<1X10-7 mbar @ 20 deg C (7.5X10-8 mm Hg)

Insoluble in water.

Amides and Imides

CLONITRALID is hydrolyzed by concentrated acid or alkali. (NTP, 1992)

III

4.1

UN 1325 4.1/PG 2

3

S16-S26-S36/37/39-S45

Stable. Hydrolyzes in concentrated acidic or basic solutions.

P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, P501

H319

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

ANDREWS P ET AL; THE BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF MOLLUSCICIDES, BAYLUSCIDE; PHARMACOL THER 19 (2): 245 (1983). A REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY OF MOLLUSCICIDES, INCLUDING CLONITRALIDE.|SPEHAR RL ET AL; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER FISH; J WATER POLLUT CONTROL FED 51 (6): 1616 (1979). AN EXTENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW OF POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FRESHWATER FISH IS PRESENTED. RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS ON SOME INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES, & PISCICIDES, INCLUDING CLONITRALIDE, ARE DISCUSSED UNDER THE HEADING OF PESTICIDE POLLUTANTS. DETAILS OF REVIEW & SYMPOSIA ARE GIVEN.|Souza CPD; Molluscicide Control of Snail Vectors of Schistosomiasis; Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro 90 (2): 165-8 (1995)|Bioassay of Clonitralid for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 91 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1341, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

THE CHEMICALS 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL OR A COMBINATION OF 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL & CLONITRALIDE CAUSE SOME MORTALITIES OF OLIGOCHAETA & HIRUDINEA, IMMATURE FORMS OF EPHEMEROPTERA, & CERTAIN TRICHOPTERA, SIMULIIDAE, & AMPHIBIA. THE COMBINATION OF 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL & CLONITRALIDE MAY AFFECT SOME PELECYPODA & GASTROPODS, BUT ITS OVERALL EFFECTS ON INVERTEBRATES ARE PROBABLY LESS THAN THOSE OF 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL ALONE. GRANULAR CLONITRALIDE IS LIKELY TO INDUCE MORTALITIES AMONG OLIGOCHAETES, MICROCRUSTACEANS, CHIRONOMIDS, & PELECYPODS. NO EVIDENCE EXISTS THAT THE LAMPRICIDES HAVE CAUSED THE CATASTROPHIC DECLINE OR DISAPPEARANCE OF ANY SPECIES. THE OVERALL IMPACT OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREYS ON AQUATIC COMMUNITIES HAS BEEN MINOR COMPARED WITH THE BENEFITS DERIVED.

LD50 Rat ip 250 mg salt/kg|LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg

; A bioassay for possible carcinogenicity of clonitralid was conducted using Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice. Clonitralid was administered in the feed, at either two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. The time weighted avg high and low dietary concentrations of clonitralid were, respectively, 28,433 and 14,216 ppm for rats and 549 and 274 ppm for mice. After a 78 wk observation period of cmpd admin, there was an additional observation period of 32-33 wk for rats and 13-14 wk for mice. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay, there was no convincing evidence that clonitralid was carcinogenic to Osborne-Mendel rats or to female B6C3F1 mice. Poor survival of male mice did not permit and evaluation of the carcinogenicity in these animals. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative; Female Rats: Equivocal; Male Mice: Inadequate Study; Female Mice: Negative.

Clonitralide's production and use as a molluscicide(1) and piscicide(1) will result in its release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 350(SRC), determined from an experimental water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that clonitralide will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of clonitralide will not be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant less than 3.8X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values of water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(4), or from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure less than 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(4,SRC). Dissociation of the ethanolamine salt of clonitralide should produce ethanolamine and niclosamide(SRC). Based on the UV absorption spectra of m-acetoacetanilide(5), a structurally similar compound, the clonitralide should absorb sunlight and therefore may undergo some direct photolysis on soil surfaces(SRC). However, clonitralide was found to retain its toxicity for 8 weeks when exposed to full sunlight(6). The fact that the clonitralide persisted over a year in muds(6) suggests it is not readily biodegraded under water-saturated conditions(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 350(SRC), determined from an experimental water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that clonitralide may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. Clonitralide will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant less than 3.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(5) and water solubility(2). An estimated BCF value of 46(3,SRC), from an experimental water solubility(2), suggests that bioconcentration of clonitralide will be moderate, not high in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a classification scheme(6). Dissociation of ethanolamine salt of clonitralide in water should produce ethanolamine and niclosamide(SRC). Hydrolysis of clonitralide should not be important in environmental waters (pHs 5-9)(7). Based on the absorption spectra of the structurally similar m-acetoacetanilide, which shows a weak UV absorption at wavelengths at and above 290 nm(8), direct photolysis of the niclosamide fragment may be important in clear surface water(SRC). The observed lack of biotransformation of the free amide in soil(9) suggests that biotransformation in water may not be important(SRC). However, clonitralide is rapidly degraded in pond sediment with a half-life of 1.1-2.9 days(2).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an experimental vapor pressure of less than 7.5X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2) indicates that clonitralide will exist primarily in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase clonitralide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4.5 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase clonitralide may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Because of the presence of a phenolic group, clonitralide may also react quickly in the atmosphere with nitrate radicals(4,SRC). Based on the absorption spectra of the structurally similar m-acetoacetanilide, which shows a weak UV absorption at wavelengths at and above 290 nm(5), direct photolysis of the niclosamide fragment may be important(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of clonitralide with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Hydrolysis of the free amide in the environment should not be important because the hydrolysis half-life was determined to be 19 days in 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution and it was reported that hydrolysis would be minor in the pH range 5-9(2). Based on the absorption spectrum of structurally similar m-acetoacetanilide which shows weak UV absorption at and above 290 nm(3), photolysis of the amide by sunlight may be important, but rates of photolysis are unknown(SRC). Since clonitralide contains a phenolic group, it may react quickly with nitrate radicals in the atmosphere(4,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 46 was calculated for clonitralide(SRC), using an experimental water solubility of 100 mg/l(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will bemoderate, not high(SRC).

The Koc of clonitralide is estimated as approximately 350(SRC), using an experimental water solubility of 100 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that clonitralide has medium mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for clonitralide is estimated to be less than 3.8X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, less than 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/l(2). This value indicates that clonitralide will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3,SRC). Clonitralide's low vapor pressure(1) and low Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil may not occur(SRC).

Through its use as a molluscicide(1) and piscicide(1), the general population and workers will become exposed to clonitralide through its application and dermal contact to water in which it was applied(SRC).

Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals. (See all compounds classified as Anticestodal Agents.)|Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice. (See all compounds classified as Antinematodal Agents.)|Agents destructive to snails and other mollusks. (See all compounds classified as Molluscacides.)

WHOLE BODY RESIDUES WERE LOW IN INVERTEBRATES EXPOSED TO (14)C-BAYLUSCIDE (1 UG/L). WITHIN 48 HR, INVERTEBRATES (DAPHNIDS, SOWBUGS, SCUDS, GLASS SHRIMP, CRAYFISH, DAMSELFLY LARVAE, AND MIDGE LARVAE) REACHED PLATEAUS WHICH WERE 4 TO 87 TIMES THAT OF THE CONCN TO WHICH THEY WERE EXPOSED. A 50% REDUCTION IN THESE RESIDUES OCCURRED WITHIN 24 HR AFTER THE ORGANISMS WERE TRANSFERRED TO FRESH WATER.|RESIDUES OF CLONITRALIDE WERE RAPIDLY ACCUMULATED BY FISH EXPOSED TO THE LAMPRICIDE. MUSCLE RESIDUE LEVELS INCREASED TO NEAR THE TREATMENT CONCN DURING EXPOSURE. AFTER 10 DAYS OF WITHDRAWAL, RESIDUES IN PLASMA, BILE, & MUSCLE OF RAINBOW TROUT & COHO SALMON DECREASED TO LESS THAN 1% OF THEIR RESPECTIVE PEAK CONCN. IN ALL SPECIES TESTED, RESIDUES IN MUSCLE DROPPED BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION (0.01 UG/G) WITHIN 3-14 DAYS. AFTER AN INITIAL INCREASE DURING EARLY WITHDRAWAL, BILE RESIDUES DECLINED STEADILY BUT HAD NOT DROPPED BELOW INITIAL LEVELS IN CHANNEL CATFISH IN 14 DAYS, OR BELOW DETECTABLE LEVELS (0.01 UG/ML) IN COHO SALMON AFTER 28 DAYS OF WITHDRAWAL.|RAINBOW TROUT EXPOSED TO CLONITRALIDE IN THE WATER QUICKLY BEGAN TO EXCRETE CONJUGATED & FREE CLONITRALIDE IN THE URINE, WITH THE LARGEST AMOUNT BEING EXCRETED DURING THE 12 HR EXPOSURE. THE TROUT CONTINUED TO EXCRETE CLONITRALIDE 60 HR AFTER EXPOSURE. FIFTEEN TIMES AS MUCH CONJUGATED AS FREE CLONITRALIDE WAS EXCRETED. AMONG FISH GIVEN IP INJECTIONS, 25% OF THE INJECTED DOSE WAS EXTRACTED IN THE URINE, & 20% RECOVERY IN THE BILE. CLONITRALIDE EXPOSURE HAD NO EFFECT ON THE URINE OUTPUT OR RENAL EXCRETION OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, OR CHLORIDE IONS.

GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATION HAS BEEN EXHIBITED IN RAINBOW TROUT EXPOSED TO CLONITRALIDE.

/Bayluscide/ ... is an effective inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, but ... is highly selective.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

... 24 HR APPLICATION TO HUMAN SKIN CAUSED NO IRRITATION.

Bayer 2353

70% WETTABLE POWDER (ACTIVE INGREDIENT CONTAINS 84% 5,2'-CHLORO-4'NITROSALICYLIC ANILIDE & 16% ETHANOLAMINE). EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY LITTLE AFFECTED BY SALT CONTENT (CA & MG) OF WATER.

DETERMINATION OF CLONITRALIDE IN WATER BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. THE LIMIT OF DETECTION WAS LESS THAN 0.005 MG/L.|DETERMINATION OF CLONITRALIDE IN BANANAS BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION.|GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CLONITRALIDE IN FISH MUSCLE, AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES, MUD, & WATER BY ANALYSIS OF 2-CHLORO-4-NITROANILINE, A HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT OF CLONITRALIDE. AVERAGE RECOVERIES WERE 88% FOR FISH, 82% FOR INVERTEBRATES, 82% FOR MUD, & 98% FOR WATER AT 3 OR MORE FORTIFICATION LEVELS.|Product analysis by redox titration.|Residues measured by colorimetry or titration.

MOLLUSCICIDES