Vanadium oxide (V2O3)

149.88

149.87300

215-239-8

0455

3285

Black powder|Black crystals

28253090

43.37000

-0.30600

Black Powder

4.87 g/cm³

1940 °C

Approximately 3000 deg C

Slightly soluble in water.

Divalent and trivalent vanadium compounds are reducing agents and require storage under an inert atmosphere to avoid oxidation. /Divalent and trivalent vanadium compounds/

Oral-Mouse LD50: 23 mg/kg

Spontaneously ignitable in air; Vanadium-containing compound fumes are generated in the fire

Has corundum (Al2O3) structure; air oxidation proceeds slowly at ambient temperatures but oxidation by chlorine at elevated temperatures to give VOCl3 and V2O5 is rapid|On exposure to air it is gradually converted into indigo-blue crystals of V2O4.|Enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K: -1218.8 kJ/mol; molar heat capacity at 298.15 K: 103.2 J/mol K|Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.|Vanadium trioxide undergoes slow air oxidation at room temperature. It does ignite upon heating in air. Reacts rapidly with chlorine.

Vanadium trioxide undergoes slow air oxidation at room temperature [Kirk-Othmer]. It does ignite upon heating in air. Slightly soluble in water.

Salts, Basic

Known Catalytic Activity

VANADIUM TRIOXIDE is basic. Reacts rapidly with chlorine. soluble in alkalis and in hydrofluoric acid.

II

6.1

UN 2862 6.1/PG 3

3

20-36/37/38-36

26

YW3050000

Xn

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from acids and food

Stable. Air sensitive.

P305 + P351 + P338

H319-H332

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Waste material contaminated with vanadium shall be disposed of in a manner not hazardous to employees. The disposal method must conform with applicable local, state, and federal regulations and must not constitute a hazard to the surrounding population or environment. /Vanadium/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for vanadium: Concentration process: chemical precipitation. /Vanadium/

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents|Lithium, chlorine trifluoride. /Vanadium dust, Vanadium fume/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H315 (29.17%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 74 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, and P337+P313|Danger|H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P314, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator. For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for VANADIUM TRIOXIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vanadium sesquioxide is spontaneously flammable in air.|Ignites when heated in air.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

Fire may produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for VANADIUM TRIOXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for VANADIUM TRIOXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Vanadium compounds, NOS is included on the dangerous goods list. /Vanadium compounds, NOS/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Vanadium compounds, NOS is included on the dangerous goods list. /Vanadium compounds, NOS/

... Divanadium trioxide is non-irritating to eyes. ... The mean scores in at least in 2 of 3 tested animals for corneal opacity (=1) and conjunctival redness (=2), divanadium trioxide produced reversible effects ... .|Vanadium compounds act chiefly as an irritant to the conjunctiva and respiratory tract. /Vanadium compounds/|... Extensive evidence exists that vanadium dust (usually the pentoxide) is severely irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. /Vanadium dust/|Vanadium is a primary irritant to the ... skin. /Vanadium/|Potential symptoms of overexposure to dust or fumes are irritation of eyes, skin, throat ... . /Vanadium dust and fumes/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Ceiling value: 0.05 mg V/cu m. /Vanadium dust; The REL applies to all vanadium compounds except vanadium metal and vanadium carbide./

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

The substance may have effects on the respiratory tract. This may result in chronic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of divanadium trioxide stem from its irritant properties. Exposure to this black powder may occur from vanadium smelting and refining, and from the cleaning of oil-fired boilers, combustion chambers, gas turbines, and firebrick linings. Effects from exposure may include eye irritation, dermatitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, or pulmonary edema. Engineering controls should be used to limit divanadium trioxide exposure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear protective clothing to prevent skin contact, and a self-contained breathing apparatus. Safety showers and eyewash fountains should be located in areas where exposures are likely. If contact should occur, flush exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin with soap and water. Contaminated clothing should be removed and left at the work site for cleaning. Upon heating, divanadium trioxide may ignite in air, with the formation of vanadium oxide fumes. Also, containers may explode violently in the heat of a fire. Fires involving divanadium trioxide may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Use dikes to prevent fire control water from entering water sources or sewers. Divanadium trioxide should be stored in tightly closed containers, away from moisture, heat, sparks, and flames. Large spills of divanadium trioxide should be contained in pits or other holding areas (liquid solutions diked to prevent runoff; solids covered with a plastic sheet). Small spills should be placed in a covered container (liquid solutions first taken up with sand or a noncombustible absorbent), and placed into containers for later disposal.

Fuel oils may contain vanadium in concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,400 ppm, depending on their origin. During the combustion of residual oils organovanadium compounds found in fuel oils are oxidized and transformed into various compounds (e.g., vanadium pentoxide, vanadium tetroxide, vanadium trioxide, and vanadium dioxide). These compounds are emitted as fly ash into the atmosphere(1).

most toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Vanadium trioxide is a black powder. The most important application is as an alternative to vanadium pentoxide in the production of iron-vanadium, vanadium-aluminum master alloys, high purity vanadium metal, and vanadium carbides and carbonitrides. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute exposure to vanadium oxide dusts is associated with acute upper and lower airway irritation. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and pharyngitis commonly occur within 0.5 hr of exposure and up to 12 hours after the exposure. Cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and substernal soreness occur with more severe exposures. A green-black discoloration of the tongue sometimes occurs. The discoloration occurs from simple exposure of the tongue mucosa to vanadium powder. Inhalation of vanadium trioxide for 1-5 yr produced asthma in 3 of 20 workers. It induced micronuclei in cultured human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rabbits exposed to a dispersion aerosol of vanadium trioxide (40-75 mg/cu m, 2 hr/day for up to 12 months) exhibited a progressive weight loss amounting to an average of 4.6% at the termination of the study. Control animals gained weight by an average of 12.3%. Neurophysiological disturbances (impaired conditioned reflexes and neuromuscular excitability) /were observed/ in dogs and rabbits exposed orally or subcutaneously to vanadium trioxide. It did not induce mutation at the hprt locus of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells at doses 0.02-0.25 TC50, vanadium trioxide was able to induce significant increases in the SCE frequency with or without the presence of rat hepatic S9 mix. It did not show sensitizing properties in guinea pigs,

LD50 Mouse oral 130 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse sc 130 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral >2000 mg/kg b.w. p.o.|LC50 Rat inhalation (female) 1 mg/L/4 hr|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for VANADIUM TRIOXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vanadium trioxide occurs in nature as the mineral karelianite(1). It is found in sulfide-rich portions of glacial boulders derived from high-grade metamorphic rocks (schists and quartzites). Karelianite is named for the Karelian shist belt where the mineral occurs(1).

During the combustion of residual oils organovanadium compounds found in fuel oils are oxidized and transformed into various compounds (e.g., vanadium pentoxide, vanadium tetroxide, vanadium trioxide, and vanadium dioxide) that are emitted as fly ash into the atmosphere(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Vanadium-containing particulates emitted to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources are frequently simple oxides. Generally, lower oxides formed during combustion of coal and residual fuel oils, such as vanadium trioxide, undergo further oxidation to the pentoxide form, often before leaving the stacks. The average residence time for vanadium in the atmosphere is unknown as the particle size varies considerably. Smaller particles, such as those emitted from oil-fired power plants, have a longer residence time in the atmosphere and are more likely to be transported farther away from the source. Vanadium transported within the atmosphere is eventually transferred to soil and water on the earth's surface by wet and dry deposition(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of vanadium trioxide in the United States may be as low as 25-49 workers and as high as 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 851 workers (18 of these are female) were potentially exposed to vanadium trioxide in the US(1).

The bioaccessibility of divanadium trioxide has been investigated experimentally in vitro by simulating dissolution under physiological conditions considered to mimic the most relevant exposure routes (oral, dermal and inhalation). Dissolved V concentrations were between 3 to 16 mg/L at the loading of 100 mg/L V2O3, corresponding to a solubility of less than 25%. Therefore, divanadium trioxide may reasonably be considered moderately bioaccessible.|In an exptl study in which humans were exposed to vanadium oxide dust, with tests being run before, during, and after exposure, the greatest amount of vanadium was found in urine 3 days after exposure; none was detectable after a week. Fecal vanadium was at a max of 0.003 mg/g; none was detected after 2 wk. /Vanadium oxide dust/

Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma, however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute exposure to vanadium oxide dusts is associated with acute upper and lower airway irritation. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and pharyngitis commonly occur within 0.5 hr of exposure and up to 12 hours after the exposure. Cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and substernal soreness occur with more severe exposures. A green-black discoloration of the tongue sometimes occurs. The discoloration occurs from simple exposure of the tongue mucosa to vanadium powder. /Vanadium oxide dusts/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Vanadium poisoning in workers was /studied/. The men were primarily exposed to vanadium oxide dust and fume. They had a dry, irritating cough, blood stained sputum, and anemia preceded by an increased erythrocyte count, pallor, anorexia, emaciation, albuminuria and casts, hematuria, tremors, eye irritation, vertigo, hysteria, and depression. Tuberculosis often developed, sometimes resulting in death. /Vanadium oxide dust and fume/|/CASE REPORTS/ Inhalation of vanadium pentoxide and vanadium trioxide for 1-5 yr ... produced asthma in 3 of 20 workers.|/GENOTOXICITY/ It is concluded that divanadium trioxide did not induce apoptosis in cultured human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells, demonstrated by unaltered Caspase activity in all treated cultures. Divanadium trioxide induced micronuclei in cultured human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells when tested for 24+24 hours in the absence of S-9. In the same test system, divanadium trioxide showed evidence of inducing micronuclei when tested for 3+21 hours in the presence of S-9 but the observation was considered of questionable biological relevance.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for VANADIUM TRIOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

vanadium trioxide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Sore throat. Cough. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness.

Redness.

Primary metal manufacturing|Vanadium oxide (V2O3): ACTIVE|Under environmental conditions, vanadium may exist in oxidation states +3, +4, and +5. V3+ and V4+ act as cations, but V5+, the most common form in the aquatic environment, reacts both as a cation and anionically as an analogue of phosphate. /Vanadium ions/|In fuel oils and coal, vanadium is present as very stable porphyrin and non-porphyrin complexes but is emitted as oxides when these fossil fuels are burned. The native oxides are sparingly soluble in water but undergo hydrolysis to generate "vanadate" in solution. Vanadate is often used as a generalized term for vanadium species in solution. /Vanadium compounds/