Chromium dichloride

122.9

121.878220

233-163-3

1317

3077

Lustrous needles or fused, fibrous mass|White deliquescent needles|Gives blue solution when dissolved in water

0 Ų

1.37900

Off-white to green-gray powder

2.751 g/cm³ @ Temp: 14 °C

824 °C

1300 °C

soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ether.

Store below +30°C.

Essentially zero (except water of crystallization)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 1870  mg/kg

Burnable; toxic chromium-containing fumes are produced in the fire;

Odorless

Very hygroscopic; stable in dry air but oxidizes rapidly if moist.|Bright blue, hygroscopic crystals. Above 38 °C changes to isomeric green modification. Loses 1 H2O, forming trihydrate at 51 °C. Absorbs O2 even when dry, forming greenish-black oxychloride. Soluble in water. Almost insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. On standing in solution it is oxidized by water with liberation of hydrogen. /Chromium(II) chloride tetrahydrate/|Deliquescent|Chromium forms a number of compounds in various oxidation states. Those of 2+ (chromous), 3+ (chromic) and 6+ (chromates) are the most important /Chromium, alloys and cmpd/|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for CHROMIUM (II) CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Stable in dry air, but oxidizes rapidly in moist air or standing water with liberation of Hydrogen, [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Soluble in water.

Reducing Agents, Strong

Strong Reducing Agent

Inorganic reducing agents, such as CHROMOUS CHLORIDE, react with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive. Their reactions with oxidizing agents may be violent. Long storage of a chromous chloride solution culminated in an explosion. This was ascribed to the slow buildup of hydrogen gas that was produced by reduction of water by the Cr(II) ion [MCA Case History No. 1660].

III

8

UN3260

3

22-36/37/38

26-36

GB5250000

Xn

Warehouse low temperature, ventilated, dry

Stable, but decomposes in water or moist air. Incompatible with water, oxidizing agents, active metals.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H315-H319-H335

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Biological Treatment. /Chromium/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHROMIUM (II) CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oxidizing agents

Not combustible.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, and rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for CHROMIUM (II) CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chromous chloride solution exploded after prolonged storage; pressure of hydrogen developed by reduction of solvent water by Cr(II)ion.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Respiratory protection from soluble chromic and chromous salts while fighting fires: self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Sol chromic & chromous salts/

Hydrogen chloride gas, Chromium oxides

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHROMIUM (II) CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(II) compounds, as Cr/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr)/

Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Avoid inhalation of dust and mist. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

D007; A waste containing chromium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Chromium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

D007; A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chromium (II) chloride is white crystalline solid. It is used in chromizing; in preparation of chromium metal; in catalysts for organic reactions; as oxygen absorbent, and in analysis. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There is no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A growth trial was conducted on juvenile mirror carp for 8 weeks at a level 0.5 mg/kg as a potential growth enhancer. In addition, a high level of Cr (2.0 mg/kg) as Cr chloride has also been added in parallel for comparison. Cr fortified diets at a level 0.5 mg/kg produced superior growth for carp compared to the control group and the group fed the high level of Cr chloride (2.0 mg/kg). Metabolic indicators measured included two of the key liver enzymes (hexokinase, HK) and (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) activity. The results validated the positive effect of Cr at a level 0.5 mg/kg on enzyme activity and carbohydrate utilization producing significantly better growth performance for mirror carp. Histological examination to evaluate the impact of different Cr supplementation on liver and gut tissues showed notable changes. The higher level of Cr (2.0mg Cr/kg) in the diet gave rise to elevated hepatocyte vacuolization and changes in gut tissue morphology. The study also included measurement of DNA strand breaks in the erythrocytes using the comet assay which revealed significantly increased DNA damage in fish fed on high level of Cr chloride (2.0 mg/kg). Chromium (II) chloride gave negative results in in-vitro tests with animal cells (DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy).

LD50 Rat oral 1870 mg/kg

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,639 workers (1,129 of these are female) were potentially exposed to chromium chloride (CAS unspecified) in the US(1).

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antioxidants.)

A growth trial was conducted on juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for 8 weeks to compare the efficacy of three chromium (Cr) compounds (Cr chloride, Cr picolinate, and Cr yeast) at a level 0.5 mg/kg as a potential growth enhancer. In addition, a high level of Cr (2.0 mg/kg) as Cr chloride has also been added in parallel for comparison. ... The concentration of Cr in the liver, gut, and whole fish tissues increased with increasing dietary Cr supplementation.|... 10 min after ... /intratracheal injection of chromous chloride into guinea pigs/, 69% of dose remained in lung, & only 4% was found in blood & 3 other tissues /liver, kidneys, spleen/ that were analyzed. By 24 hr, 45% was still in lung, 6% was excreted in urine, & only a very small percentage was found in other tissues. The spleen was the only tissue that showed accumulation & that occurred during the first 48 hr. The chromium that reached the blood was found in greater amt in the plasma than in the cells, thus differing from the distribution of chromates.|Low tracer doses of chromous chloride (CrCl2) showed uptake in rats to be highest in ovaries & spleen, next highest in kidney and liver; lower concn in lung, heart, pancreas, and brain.|In humans, the bulk of an administered dose of radioactive chromium chloride is carried in the albumin fraction, and only 30-40% in globulins, of which transferrin is a part.

The iron content is 2 wt percent, maximum, & averages equal to or less than 0.2 wt percent, sometimes 0.03 to 0.08 wt percent.

DUST: Harmful if inhaled. SOLID: Irritating to skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. (USCG, 1999)

Call a physician. INHALATION: Move to fresh air. EYES: Flush with copious amounts of water. SKIN: Wash with soap and plenty of water. INGESTION: If conscious, make victim drink water or milk, then induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Inhalation. Give supplemental oxygen. Treat wheezing and monitor the victim closely for delayed-onset noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Delays in the onset of pulmonary edema of up to 72 hours have been reported after inhalation of concentrated solutions of chromic acid. 2. Ingestion. a. Diluted immediately with water. treat hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with aggressive fluid and blood replacement. Consider early endoscopy to assess the extent of esophageal or gastric injury. b. Treat hemoglobinuria resulting from hemolysis with alkaline diuresis as far rhabdomyolysis. Treat methemoglobinemia if it occurs. /Chromium/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CHROMIUM (II) CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

chromium chloride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

-80 mesh, 99.9% purity grades /available/|There are a few forms of chromium available for nutritional supplementation. They include chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, chromium chloride and high-chromium yeast. These forms are available as stand-alone supplements or in combination products. /Chromium supplements/

Chromium chloride (CrCl2): ACTIVE|Compounds of divalent chromium are extremely unstable in air and, therefore, are of only minor importance in industry. /Chromium(II) compounds/