Iohexol

Iohexol is a contrast agent.Target: OthersIohexol is a contrast agent. The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg-approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma-to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood. Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high. From Wikipedia.

Solid

Iohexol is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. It has a role as a radioopaque medium, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is an organoiodine compound and a benzenedicarboxamide.|Iohexol is an effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.|Iohexol is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iohexol is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.|Iohexol is an X-ray contrast medium containing iohexol in various concentrations, from 140 to 350 milligrams of iodine per milliliter.|An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

Compound A (1120.5 kg, 1.50 kmol) was dissolved in a solution of KOH (140.0 kg, 2.25 kmol) in water (1232.6 kg), the temperature was controlled to below 20°C, boric acid (64.9 kg, 1.05 kmol) was equally added in a batch manner, and hydrochloric acid (30.4 kg, 0.30 kmol) was added dropwise, followed by epichlorohydrin (83.3 kg, 0.90 kmol), which was added dropwise. The pH during the reaction is 10-11. The reaction was monitored and a sample was analyzed by HPLC. The reaction was quenched by adding water (1232.6 kg) and adjusting the pH to within the range 5-6 with 18percent of hydrochloric acid when the content of Compound A was below 5percent.The reaction mixture was then decolorized with active charcoal and filtered. The filtrate contained 86.3percent of iodixanol, 7.5percent of iohexol, 2.9percent of compound A and 2.7percent of O-alkylated by-products and other impurities by HPLC analysis.Example 3 5-acetylamino-N, N'-bis (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl)-2, 4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide (Compound A) (201.5 g, 0.268 mole) was dissolved in a solution of methanol (200 mL, 1.00 mL/g Compound A) and sodium hydroxide (13.92 g, 0.348 mole, 1.30 eq) at 45°C. The mixture was cooled to 20°C and conc. hydrochloric acid (17 mL, 0.204 mole, 0.76 eq) was added followed by epichlorohydrin (8.92 g, 0.096 mole, 0.36 eq) added in one portion. After 48 hours an HPLC analysis showed the following composition: 52.1 percent iodixanol, 36.2 percent Compound A, 1.42 percent backpeaks, 0.20 percent N-acetyl cyclized iodixanol, 7.42 percent iohexol and 2.06 percent iopentol.Sodium hydroxide pellets (1.19 eq.) was dissolved in water (250 ml) and 5-acetamido-N, N'-bis(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl)-2, 4, 6-triiodo-isophthalamide (Compound A) (50 g) was added. pH was adjusted with 2 M hydrochloric acid from 12.7 to 12.2 and the mixture was cooled to 20°C followed by addition of epichlorohydrin (0.27 eq) added in three portions over 70 minutes. After 48 hours an HPLC analysis showed the following composition: 43.5 percent iodixanol, 0.8 percent backpeaks and 5.1 percent iohexol.

antibacterial

Molecular Weight:821.1
XLogP3:-3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:8
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:9
Rotatable Bond Count:12
Exact Mass:820.8803
Monoisotopic Mass:820.8803
Topological Polar Surface Area:200
Heavy Atom Count:34
Complexity:653
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes