Dimethyl dicarbonate

134.09

134.09

224-859-8

1AY9229ZMG

DTXSID2052108

Clear, colorless liquid|Colorless liquid

2920909090

61.8

-0.86 (est)

Liquid

1.258 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

100-101.5 °C @ Solvent: Diethyl ether, Ligroine

52-53 °C @ Press: 4-5 Torr

80 °C

1.395

35g/l (decomposition)

2-8°C

0.7 hPa (20 °C)

Oral-rat LD50: 260 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 589 mg/kg

Flammable; heated to decompose toxic and spicy irritating gas

3-29.9%(V)

Henry's Law constant = 4.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 0.4352X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Approximately 465 °C (869 °F)

II

6.1(a)

UN 2927 6.1/PG 2

3

21/22-23-34

18-26-28-36/37/39-38-45

HT0362500

T

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

P260-P280-P284-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H302 + H312-H314-H330

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Empty Container Precautions: Recondition or dispose of empty container in accordance with governmental regulations. Do not reuse empty container without proper cleaning. Label precautions also apply to this container when empty. Empty containers retain product residue (dust, liquid, vapor and/or gases) and can be dangerous. Remove empty bottle from automatic metering system to a well-ventilated area (outdoors is also suitable). Fill bottle carefully with water to the brim so as to avoid overflow. Do not tighten the screw lid back on the container due to possible pressurization from evolution of carbon dioxide. After 24 hours of standing, the water containing the hydrolyzed products of the residual amount of Velcorin can be added to the plant's waste water. The bottle may then be disposed of like any other glass container. Soiled empty containers are to be treated in the same manner.

Dimethyl dicarbonate (CAS Reg. No. 4525-33-1) may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive meets the following specifications: (1) The additive has a purity of not less than 99.8 percent ... (2) The additive contains not more than 2,000 ppm (0.2 percent) dimethyl carbonate. ... (b) The additive is used or intended for use as a microbial control agent in the following beverages under normal circumstances of bottling, canning, or other forms of final packaging, where the viable microbial load has been reduced to 500 microorganisms per milliliter or less by current good manufacturing practices such as heat treatment, filtration, or other technologies prior to the use of dimethyl dicarbonate: (1) In wine, dealcoholized wine, and low alcohol wine in an amount not to exceed 200 parts per million. (2) In ready-to-drink teas in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million. (3) In carbonated or noncarbonated, nonjuice-containing (less than or equal to 1 percent juice), flavored or unflavored beverages containing added electrolytes (5-20 milliequivalents/liter sodium ion (Na+) and 3-7 milliequivalents/liter potassium ion (K+)) in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million. (4) In carbonated, dilute beverages containing juice, fruit flavor, or both, with juice content not to exceed 50 percent, in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million.

|Danger|H226 (24.75%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 101 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hand Protection: PVC disposable gloves, Nitrile rubber gloves. After each use, immerse in cold water and discard. Eye Protection: Chemical resistant goggles must be worn. Chemical safety goggles in combination with a full face shield if a splash hazard exists. Skin and body protection: Permeation resistant clothing and foot protection. Wash carefully in cold water immediately after use.|Respiratory Protection: The odor of Velcorin can not be used as a warning property againt inhalation exposure. Air concentrations of Velcorin should not be allowed to exceed 0.04 ppm, even momentarily. A NIOSH approved airpurifying organic vapor respirator must be used when Velcorin concentrations are between >0.04 ppm and <10 ppm and during disposal. Positive pressure air-supplied respirators if concentrations are unknown or exceed 10 ppm or if the workspace is confined and unventilated. Use air-supplied respirators or selfcontained breathing apparatus in emergency situations. Observe OSHA regulations for respirator use. The metering equipment, particularly the cabinet in which the bottle is kept, should be enclosed. The room housing the equipment should have adequate general room ventilation.|Industrial Hygiene/Ventilation Measures: Use local and general exhaust ventilation to control levels of exposure.

Combustible

Lower Explosion Limit: 3 %(V). Upper Explosion Limit: 29.9 %(V).

Suitable Extinguishing Media: All extinguishing media are suitable. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Firefighters should be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus to protect against potentially toxic and irritating fumes. Use cold water spray to cool fire-exposed containers to minimize risk of rupture.

Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazards: Water runoff from fire fighting may be corrosive. ... Vapors or mist may be a fire and explosion hazards when exposed to high temperature or ignition.

Spill and Leak Procedures: Cleanup personnel must use appropriate personal protective equipment. Do not allow spilled material or wash water to enter sewers, surface waters, or groundwater systems. Remove all sources of ignition, including flames, heat, and sparks. Ventilate area to remove vapors or dust. Evacuate and keep unnecessary people out of spill area. Cover spill with damp, fluid-binding material (for example, sand, sawdust, chemical binder based on calcium silicate hydrate). Transfer to an open waste container after approximately one hour, cover loosely and remove to an isolated area. Do not seal the container as carbon dioxide given off by the slow reaction between Velcorin and water may cause a tightly sealed container to burst. Flush the spill with cold water but avoid flushing into open drains. Hot water should never be used for this purpose since it would cause considerable vaporization of the spilled material. Use the paper Velcorin indicator strips to insure that there is no residual Dimethyl Dicarbonate in the air.

Employees should wash their hands and face before eating, drinking, or using tobacco products. Educate and train employees in the safe use and handling of this product. Emergency showers and eye wash stations should be available.

The skin-irritant effects of dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC) were investigated in 6 white New Zealand rabbits of both sexes with body weights of 3-4 kg. Approximately 0.5 mL of the substance were applied to the shaved skin of every animal. Exposure times were 30 min or 4 hr. At the end of the exposure period, skin areas were washed and dried. Skin changes were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hr, as well as 7 days after the start of the exposure. After an exposure for both 30 min and 4 hr, scale formation and necroses passing beyond the application area were observed. The skin reactions were not reversible within the 7 day follow-up observation period. Consequently, DMDC proved to be highly irritant and corrosive to rabbit skin.|Introduction of dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC) into the conjunctival sac of rabbits caused considerable irritation. The cornea was still entirely cloudy after 7 days.

highly

LD50 Mouse (female) oral 752.7 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse (male) oral 906.5 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse (female) ip 44.5 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse (male) ip 44.9 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Dimethyl dicarbonate (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dimethyl dicarbonate's production and use as a preservative(1), in particular in wine and soft drinks(2), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dimethyl dicarbonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dimethyl dicarbonate from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Dimethyl dicarbonate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.46 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2013); however, structurally similar dimethyl cabonate was >90% biodegraded in the Modified MITI test(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dimethyl dicarbonate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may be expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.7 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.86(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC) is unstable in aqueous solution and breaks down almost immediately after addition to beverages; principal breakdown products in wine and aqueous liquids are methanol and carbon dioxide(8). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2013); however, structurally similar dimethyl carbonate was >90% biodegraded in the Modified MITI test(8), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethyl dicarbonate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.46 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase dimethyl dicarbonate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 0.4352X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Dimethyl dicarbonate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethyl dicarbonate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 0.4352X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The alkyl carbonate esters hydrolyze very slowly in water when compared to the chloroformates. Under alkaline conditions, the rates of hydrolysis are similar to those of the corresponding acetic acid esters. The net result is the formation of hydroxy compounds and carbon dioxide(2). Dimethyl dicarbonate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for dimethyl dicarbonate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.86(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of dimethyl dicarbonate can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dimethyl dicarbonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dimethyl dicarbonate is estimated as 4.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dimethyl dicarbonate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.3 days(SRC). Dimethyl dicarbonate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dimethyl dicarbonate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.46 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to dimethyl dicarbonate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethyl dicarbonate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general public may be exposed to dimethyl dicarbonate via ingestion of foods containing this preservative. (SRC)

Dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC), like diethyldicarbonate, has a broad antimicrobial activity when added to drinks. The inactivation of microorganisms proved to be strongly related to the inactivation of enzymes by protein modification, mainly through reaction with nucleophilic groups (imidazoles, amines, thiols).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

dimethyl dicarbonate

Velcorin

Dicarbonic acid, 1,3-dimethyl ester: ACTIVE|Dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC) is unstable in aqueous solution and breaks down almost immediately after addition to beverages. The principal breakdown products in wine and aqueous liquids are methanol and carbon dioxide. Dimethylcarbonate (DMC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), as well as carbomethoxy adducts of amines, sugars, and fruit acids, are also formed in minor amounts. In the presence of trace quantities of ammonia or ammonium ions (e.g. in wines), DMDC forms trace quantities of methylcarbamate (MC).|Preservative in wine, authorized in U.S. up to the cumulative amount of 200 ppm, in Australia up to 200 mg/kg, and in Europe up to 200 mg/L|Permitted addition to food with the following specifications: 1) purity of not less than 99.8%; 2) contains not more than 2000 ppm (0.2%) dimethyl carbonate; 3) in carbonated or noncarbonated, nonjuice containing, flavored ro unflavored beverages ... not to exceed 250 parts/trillion; 4) in cabonated, dilute beverages containing juice ... not to exceed 250 parts/trillion

Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE; -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE;