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Home > Encyclopedia > Potassium oxide

Potassium oxide

pharmaceutical raw materials
Potassium oxide structure

Potassium oxide 

structure
  • CAS No:

    12136-45-7

  • Formula:

    K2O

  • Chemical Name:

    Potassium oxide

  • Synonyms:

    Potassium oxide (K2O);Potash;Dipotassium oxide;Dipotassium monoxide;Potassium oxide;1343-95-9;37382-43-7;1242458-87-2;1884258-64-3

  • Categories:

    Cosmetic Ingredient  >  Buffering

Description

Potassium Oxide, an outstanding representative of inorganic industry, plays an important role in chemistry, materials science and industrial production due to its unique chemical properties and wide application fields. Its chemical formula is K₂O, showing a white or elegant yellow solid beauty, this color not only reflects its pure nature, but also indicates that it is active and changeable in chemical reactions. As a strong alkaline Oxide, Potassium Oxide has remarkable properties. When it meets water, a subtle chemical reaction takes place, releasing a lot of heat and creating another important compound, hydrogen Oxide (KOH). This process not only demonstrated the strong interaction between Potassium Oxide and water molecules, but also revealed its unique charm as a strong alkali oxide. As an indispensable chemical in industry, hydrogen Potassium Oxide is widely used in glass manufacturing, fertilizer production, detergent formulation and other fields, which further demonstrates the important value of Potassium Oxide. It is worth mentioning that Potassium Oxide also has excellent hygroscopic properties. In the humid air, it acts like an indefatigable absorbent, constantly absorbing the surrounding water and gradually converting it into a solution of hydrogen Oxide. This characteristic makes Potassium Oxide have potential application prospect in humidity regulation and moisture protection. It is also recommended to keep the environment dry and ventilated when storing and using Potassium Oxide to prevent it from deterioration due to moisture. By further exploring the chemical properties of Potassium Oxide, we can find its unique behavior in the REDOX reaction. As a typical metal Oxide, Potassium Oxide has high electropositivity and is easy to react with other elements or compounds by electron transfer. This property makes Potassium Oxide have wide application potential in electrochemistry, catalysis and other fields. For example, Potassium Oxide can be used as an electrode material or electrolyte additive in electrochemical energy storage devices to improve the energy density and cycle stability of the devices. In the catalytic reaction, Potassium Oxide can be used as a catalyst or cocatalyst to promote the reaction and increase the yield of the product. In addition, Potassium Oxide has good thermal stability and chemical stability. Under high temperature conditions, it can still keep its structure and properties stable; It can also show strong resistance in harsh environments such as strong acids and alkali. This stability makes Potassium Oxide widely applied in material preparation and high temperature process. For example, adding appropriate Potassium Oxide during the preparation of ceramic material could improve the sintering property and mechanical strength of the material. The use of Potassium Oxide as a flux during high temperature smelting can reduce the melting point and promote the reaction.

Potassium oxide Basic Attributes

94.196

93.92230

235-227-6

2033

Characteristics

1

-0.11880

Potassium monoxide appears as a white-colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

2.3 g/cm3

350 °C (decomp)

100ºCat 760 mmHg

soluble H2O, forming KOH; soluble alcohol and ether

24.5mmHg at 25°C

Soluble in water. The oxides of potassium react with water vigorously and with enough evolution of heat to cause boiling and spattering of hot caustic solution, [Chemical Safety Data Sheets SD-9, SD-10. 1947]. Reacts with warm water with violent explosion [Thorpe and Tlitton J. Chem. Soc. 59:1019: 1891].

Bases, Strong

Water-Reactive

The higher oxides of potassium, formed in air, react explosively with pure potassium, sodium, sodium-potassium alloys, and organic matter [Mellor 2, Supp. 3:1559. 1963].

Safety Information

II

8

2033

Separated from strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Dry.

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501

H314

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H314 (99.07%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 603 companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)

Drug Information

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Potassium oxide Use and Manufacturing

Uses

Potassium Oxide, a seemingly simple chemical, is essential for potassium oxide in a variety of fields, including agriculture, chemicals and manufacturing. Its wide range of applications, not only because of its unique chemical properties, but also because it can bring significant benefits and improvements to all walks of life. In agriculture, Potassium Oxide is known as the ""nutritional gold of plants."" As an important component of fertilizer, it is rich in potassium, which is essential for plant growth. Potassium is essential for the growth of plants, it can not only promote plant photosynthesis, enhance plant resistance (such as drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, etc.), but also improve crop yield and quality. Specifically, potassium can increase the fruit size of crops, improve the color and taste of fruits, and make produce fuller and more attractive. Therefore, reasonable application of Potassium Oxide fertilizer in agricultural production is an important means to improve crop yield and agricultural product quality. According to relevant studies, reasonable application of Potassium Oxide fertilizer can increase the yield of crops by 10% to 20% and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. This data fully proves the important position of Potassium Oxide in agricultural production. In addition, with the continuous development of modern agriculture, more and more farmers began to pay attention to scientific fertilization, and Potassium Oxide fertilizer received more extensive attention and application. In the industrial sector, Potassium Oxide also plays a pivotal role. Potassium Oxide is used as an important additive in the production of glass and ceramics. It can improve the physical properties of glass and ceramics, such as improving the transparency, hardness, heat resistance and so on. These performance improvements make glass and ceramic products more in line with the needs of modern industry, widely used in construction, home, electronics and other fields. In addition, Potassium Oxide can also be used as a catalyst and raw material for chemical synthesis. In chemical reactions, it can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate, and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. Therefore, Potassium Oxide is regarded as an important chemical raw material and catalyst in the chemical industry. It is worth noting that with the continuous development of science and technology, the application field of Potassium Oxide is still expanding. For example, Potassium Oxide is used in the preparation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries in the new energy sector; In the field of environmental protection, Potassium Oxide is used to treat harmful substances such as heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater. The emergence of these new application fields not only brings new development opportunities for Potassium Oxide industry, but also makes an important contribution to the sustainable development of social economy.

Production

1,000,000 - 10,000,000 lb

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Potassium oxide (K2O): ACTIVE

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:95.204
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:1
Exact Mass:94.93015262
Monoisotopic Mass:94.93015262
Topological Polar Surface Area:1
Heavy Atom Count:3
Formal Charge:1
Complexity:2.8
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Drug Function and Efficacy

1. Pharmacological action: Reserpine and hydralazine hydrochloride in this product are basic antihypertensive drugs. Reserpine is an anti-noradrenergic antihypertensive drug that can deplete norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve endings, deplete catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine storage in the heart, brain and other tissues to achieve antihypertensive, slow heart rate and inhibit the central nervous system. Reserpine can relieve anxiety, tension and headache in hypertensive patients. Hydrochlorothiazide and cyclopenthiazide are medium-acting diuretics that can reduce water and sodium retention, reduce blood volume, and reduce circulating blood volume, thus playing a hypotensive role. Promethazine hydrochloride has sedative, anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant effects. Vitamin B1 can improve the side effects of the above drugs, such as multiple neuritis, palpitations, chest tightness, and decreased appetite. Vitamin B6 can prevent neuritis, insomnia, restlessness, etc. that may be caused by hydralazine hydrochloride, and can also prevent the occurrence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Rutin can maintain vascular elasticity, enhance capillary resistance, promote cell proliferation and prevent blood cell aggregation, reduce vascular fragility, and reduce capillary permeability. Chloroquine phosphate can increase capillary permeability, which is not only beneficial to the antihypertensive effect of diuretics, but also can counteract the adverse effects of rutin on diuresis and blood pressure. 2. Toxicological studies: Animal experiments have teratogenic effects at 125 to 250 times the maximum clinical dose, and the commonly used clinical dose is 100 to 300 times, and the incidence of tumors increases.

This ingredient has been used in drugs with the following functions (note: it does not mean that the ingredient itself has the following health functions)

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