3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine Safety Data Sheets

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Dermal

Skin sensitization, Category 1

Carcinogenicity, Category 1B

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

If inhaled

Following skin contact

Following eye contact

Following ingestion

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Skin sensitization, dermatitis; headache, dizziness; caustic burns; frequent urination, dysuria; hematuria (blood in the urine); gastrointestinal upset; upper respiratory infection; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs: Bladder, liver, lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract Cancer Site [in animals: liver & bladder cancer] (NIOSH, 2016)

Combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Use fine water spray, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Use of sodium hypochlorite bleach solution to decontaminate 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine was partially effective. An aqueous solution of 5% tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and 10% sodium ethyl hexyl sulfate when blended in a jet sprayer effectively removed 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine from a worker area (90-99% reduction). Once removed from the work site and collected in a central location, it was then determined that the diazotization reaction (the addition of sulfate, ice and sodium nitrate occurred to eliminate any detectable dichlorobenzine from the washings.

NO open flames. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Occupational Exposure limit values

Biological limit values

Eye/face protection

Skin protection

Respiratory protection

Thermal hazards

NIOSH considers 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) to be a potential occupational carcinogens.

Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride.

no data available

A halide- and amine-substituted aromatic compound. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

no data available

Strong oxidizing agents

When heated to decomposition it emits very high toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides.

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 Mouse (female) oral 352 mg/kg/day (7 consecutive days)
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

Serious eye damage/irritation

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-single exposure

STOT-repeated exposure

Aspiration hazard

• Toxicity to fish: LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age 30 days, length 20 mm, weight 0.103 g; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 22 (21.7-22.5) deg C, pH 7.24 (6.76-7.54), hardness 51.6 (50.9-51.9) mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 43 (36-46) mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 83.1% (73.7-88.5%); Concentration: 2080 ug/L for 96 hr /98% purity
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 22.3. (22-22.6 deg C), pH 8.43 (8.33-8.61), hardness 170 (163-183) mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 108 (88-131) mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 98.4% (94.8-100.8%); Concentration: 1050 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 810-1360 ug/L) /98% purity
• Toxicity to algae: no data available
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine, present at 3 mg/L dissolved organic carbon, was 9-43% 0-91%, 34-93% and 18-99% biodegraded in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum, amended with a yeast extract nutrient broth of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L, respectively, in the Modified AFNOR test. No biodegradation was observed in tests not amended with the yeast extract(1). When incubated with natural aquatic communities from eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes, 25% of the 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine degraded in a month(2). When incubated in soil under aerobic conditions, only 2% mineralization occurred in 32 weeks and no degradation intermediates were detected(3). Under anaerobic conditions no mineralization occurred in a year(3). 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, present at 100 mg/L, achieved 1% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test which classified the compound as not readily biodegradable(4). The half-life of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in a lake water and sediment slurry obtained from Lake Macatawa, MI was approximately 150 days(5). 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride was not readily biodegradable by microorganisms obtained from freshwater lakes and incubated for 28 and 30 days or in an activated sludge study(6,7). These data suggest that biodegradation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine will occur slowly in the environment(SRC). Half-lives of 4-26 weeks and 16-101 weeks have been estimated for the biodegradation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in surface water and anaerobic groundwater, respectively(8).

The equilibrium bioconcentration factors using (14)-C-3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in whole bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was reported as 495-507, the BCF was 114-175 in the edible portion and 814-856 in non-edible parts(1). The BCF values measured in Golden ide fish (Leuciscus idus) and in algae were 610 and 940, respectively(2). A BCF range of 43-213 was measured in fish for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(SRC), using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF data suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC).

Based upon measured Freundlich adsorption coefficients in a Brookston clay loam soil and a Rubicon sandy soil(1), the Koc of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine can be determined to be 33,720 and 15,885 in the respective soils(SRC). Batch isotherm studies using five sandy to silty-clay sediment samples collected from Lake Macatawa (Holland, MI), measured Koc values ranging from 721 to 3,965(2); the majority of adsorption was determined to occur through covalent bonding(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is expected to have low to no mobility in soil. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a weak base with pKa values of 3.2 and 1.6(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily in the neutral form. Aromatic amines like benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and substituted anilines are known to bind to soils containing a large organic carbon content due to the ability of the aromatic amino group to form covalent bonds with humic and fulvic material in soils(5). These complexes are often irreversibly bound and immobile(5).

no data available

Product

Contaminated packaging

no data available

no data available

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Other Information

The substance is combustible but no flash point is available in literature.TLV Note: Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible.