Cyclohexane Safety Data Sheets

Flammable liquids, Category 2

Skin irritation, Category 2

Aspiration hazard, Category 1

Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure, Category 3

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

If inhaled

Following skin contact

Following eye contact

Following ingestion

Dizziness, with nausea and vomiting. Concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evap vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn the paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. 3. Large quantities can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber. Combustion may be improved by mixing with more flammable liquid. Cyclohexane liquid should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer, because of possibility of an explosion.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Use non-sparking handtools. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Fireproof. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas.

Occupational Exposure limit values

Biological limit values

Eye/face protection

Skin protection

Respiratory protection

Thermal hazards

1300 ppm [Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health efects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion. Reacts with strong oxidants.

Most solvents and reagents, as received from the manufacturer, had low levels of peroxides. After opening the container, peroxides were formed rapidly in many solvents.

Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot CYCLOHEXANE, due to an error. An explosion resulted [MCA Case History 128(1962)] Incompatible with strong oxidizers.

no data available

Oxidizers.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 - rat (male/female) - > 5 000 mg/kg bw. Remarks:No mortalities.
• Inhalation: LC50 - rat (male/female) - > 32 880 mg/m³ air.
• Dermal: LD50 - rabbit (male/female) - > 2 000 mg/kg bw.

Skin corrosion/irritation

Serious eye damage/irritation

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-single exposure

STOT-repeated exposure

Aspiration hazard

• Toxicity to fish: LC50 - Pimephales promelas - 4.53 mg/L - 96 h.
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC50 - Daphnia magna - 0.9 mg/L - 48 h.
• Toxicity to algae: EC50 - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) - 9.317 mg/L - 72 h.
• Toxicity to microorganisms: IC50 - Aerobic heterotroph culture - 29 mg/L - 15 h.

AEROBIC: Cyclohexane is highly resistant to biodegradation and is catabolized chiefly by cooxidation(1,2). Thus, it does not support growth of the degrading organism themselves, but rather are metabolized during the course of the microorganisms growth on another, usually similar, substrate. Initial attack involves oxygenation and subsequent ring cleavage to simple, readily degradable acids(1). 10% degradation in 12 hours was reported using microorganisms isolated from a brackish creek in an area continuously exposed to oil(3). Only slight degradation of cyclohexane was noted in a screening test utilizing a benzene-acclimated activated sludge inoculum(4) and it was listed as degradation resistant according to the MITI test, a screening test of the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry(5). Only one biodegradability test was reported in soil in which it was listed as nondegradable with only 0.3% mineralization occurring in 10 wk(6). When incubated at 23 deg C with natural flora in groundwater in the presence of other components of high octane gasoline, 45% degradation was reported after 8 days(7). Cyclohexane, added as a component of gasoline, underwent 45% biodegradation after 192 hrs using microorganisms isolated from groundwater contaminated by a gasoline pipeline break(8).

Using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period, the BCF of cyclohexane ranged from 31-102 at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L and 37-129 at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L(1). An experimental BCF of 158 has also been reported(2). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Based on measured sorption isotherms in a high-organic soil(1), the Koc of cyclohexane can be estimated to be about 350(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(2), the Koc for cyclohexane can be estimated to be about 150(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), these estimated Koc values suggest that cyclohexane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

no data available

Product

Contaminated packaging

no data available

no data available

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Other Information

The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient.