Diphtheria is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria exotoxin is the main pathogenic factor. Its clinical features are congestion and swelling of the mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx, and nose, as well as systemic poisoning symptoms caused by bacterial exotoxins. In severe cases, there may be toxic myocarditis and peripheral nerve paralysis. The disease is distributed worldwide and can occur in all seasons, but is more common in autumn and winter. my country has widely promoted diphtheria toxoid vaccination, and the incidence and mortality rates have been significantly reduced. It is now only sporadically spread among people who have not been vaccinated or are incompletely immunized.