Extreme lateral prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc is a special type of lumbar disc herniation, which refers to the compression of the nerve roots from the same intervertebral space by the protrusion of the intervertebral disc. This disease was first reported by Abdullah et al. in 1974. Its incidence rate is inconsistent in different reports, accounting for about 1% to 11.7% of the total number of patients with lumbar disc herniation, with an average of about 10%. In the past, there was insufficient understanding of this special disease, so clinical lumbar surgery often failed due to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. With the continuous development of imaging diagnosis, especially CT technology, the clinical summary of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation has increased year by year, but it is still necessary to write a detailed introduction to attract everyone's attention.