Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis invading the body under certain conditions. Patients with tuberculosis excretion are the main source of infection in society. Since Robert Koch discovered tuberculosis in 1882, modern medicine has invented medical X-ray technology and the development of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy technologies such as streptomycin and isoniazid, forming a relatively complete and mature prevention and control technical measures, which have significantly improved the epidemiology and clinical conditions of tuberculosis. In the 1950s, the epidemic of tuberculosis in my country declined significantly, but in the last decade of the 20th century, the incidence of tuberculosis rebounded. With the acceleration of population aging, pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly has a relatively upward trend. Due to the atypical clinical symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly, the misdiagnosis rate is high, and the efficacy is poor. If the treatment is not appropriate, the disease progresses rapidly and the prognosis is poor. Pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly is often the main source of infection for family tuberculosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly is not only for the health of the elderly, but also to eliminate or reduce the source of infection, which is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.