Poliomyelitis (hereinafter referred to as polio) is an acute infectious disease caused by the polio virus. Most cases are latent infection and no paralysis during epidemics. The incidence rate in children is higher than that in adults. Before the universal vaccination, infants and young children were more likely to be sick, so it was called infantile paralysis. The main clinical manifestations are fever, sore throat and limb pain. Some patients may develop flaccid paralysis. The main lesions are in the gray matter of the spinal cord, and those with severe damage may have paralysis sequelae. Since the widespread use of vaccines to prevent this disease in the late 1950s, its incidence has dropped significantly. After smallpox was eradicated in the 1970s, polio has been set as the next target to be eradicated by the end of this century.