Malnutritional edema, also known as hypoproteinemia, is a special manifestation of nutritional deficiency. It is a malnutrition disease characterized by systemic edema due to long-term negative nitrogen balance, which leads to a decrease in plasma protein, a decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure, and the appearance of edema. Protein deficiency syndrome is also known as kwashiorkor syndrome or kwashiorkor. The latter is the local transliteration in Africa, meaning "red child". It refers to the mother no longer feeding the child after weaning, resulting in a serious lack of protein in the food, especially a lack of essential amino acids. Although the height and weight of the child can be improved after treatment, they can never reach the value of a normal child with good nutrition.