Tuberculous pleurisy is an exudative inflammation caused by the direct invasion of tuberculosis bacteria into the pleura from the primary lesion near the pleura, or the hematogenous spread to the pleura through the lymphatic vessels. It is often accompanied by pleural effusion. Due to the high protein content in the exudate of tuberculous pleurisy, it is easy to cause pleural adhesion and hypertrophy. Pleurisy is often unilateral, and bilateral cases often indicate hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis. It is common in children over 3 years old, mainly occurring within 6 months of primary infection. The primary lesions are mostly in the ipsilateral lung and are often not found. The onset of the disease is related to the high sensitivity of children to tuberculosis bacteria. Clinically, it is often divided into three types: dry pleurisy, exudative pleurisy, and tuberculous empyema (rare).