Bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, can tolerate most beta-lactamases, and is also effective against strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In vitro, it is sensitive to a variety of pathogenic strains and pathogenic strains associated with hospital-acquired infections, including Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli, as well as Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It has an additive or synergistic effect when used in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

The second generation of cephalosporins binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on the bacterial cell membrane, hindering bacterial cell wall synthesis and causing bacterial lysis and death. It has a significant effect on Gram-positive aerobic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes; it is ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecalis. It is highly sensitive to Gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and can inhibit the growth and reproduction of a variety of bacteria. It has no antibacterial effect on most strains such as Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. It has a certain inhibitory effect on melanin-producing Bacillus, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Propionibacterium acnes among anaerobic bacteria, and has no antibacterial effect on most strains of Bacillus fragilis.

The first generation of cephalosporins for injection has a higher antibacterial effect on positive cocci than the second and third generations, and ranks first among the first generation cephalosporins in terms of antibacterial effect on negative bacilli. It has a stronger effect on Gram-negative bacteria and a weaker resistance to beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aeruginosa. It has no antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis. The antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cephalexin, and it has antibacterial effects on Staphylococci (including enzyme-producing strains), Streptococci (except Enterococci), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacter aerogenes.

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