Mannitol

Mannitol

1. Tissue dehydration drugs. Used to treat brain edema caused by various reasons, reduce intracranial pressure, and prevent brain herniation. 2. Reduce intraocular pressure. It can effectively reduce intraocular pressure and is used when other intraocular pressure-lowering drugs are ineffective or for preparation before intraocular surgery. 3. Osmotic diuretics. Used to identify oliguria caused by prerenal factors or acute renal failure. It can also be used to prevent acute tubular necrosis caused by various reasons. 4. As an auxiliary diuretic measure to treat nephrotic syndrome and ascites caused by cirrhosis, especially when accompanied by hypoproteinemia. 5. For overdose of certain drugs or poisoning by toxins (such as barbiturates, lithium, salicylates and bromides, etc.), this drug can promote the excretion of the above substances and prevent renal toxicity. 6. As an irrigation agent, it is used for transurethral prostatectomy. 7. Preoperative bowel preparation.

1. Common dosage for adults (1) Diuresis. The common dosage is 1-2 g/kg of body weight. Generally, 20% solution is used for intravenous drip, and the dosage is adjusted to maintain the urine output at 30-50 ml per hour. (2) Treatment of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension and glaucoma. 0.25-2 g/kg of body weight, prepared as 15%-25% concentration, and intravenously dripped within 30-60 minutes. When the patient is weak, the dosage should be reduced to 0.5 g/kg. Closely follow up renal function. (3) Differentiate between prerenal oliguria and renal oliguria. 0.2 g/kg of body weight, intravenously dripped at 20% concentration within 3-5 minutes. If the urine output per hour is still less than 30-50 ml after 2-3 hours after medication, try it once more at most. If there is still no response, the drug should be discontinued. Patients with existing heart function impairment or heart failure should use it with caution or should not use it. (4) Prevention of acute tubular necrosis. First, give 12.5-25g, intravenous drip within 10 minutes. If there are no special circumstances, give 50g, intravenous drip within 1 hour. If the urine output can be maintained at more than 50ml per hour, the 5% solution can be continued to be dripped; if it is ineffective, stop the drug immediately. (5) Treatment of drug and poison poisoning. 50g intravenous drip as 20% solution, adjust the dose to maintain urine output at 100-500ml per hour. (6) Bowel preparation. 4-8 hours before surgery, 1000ml of 10% solution should be taken orally within 30 minutes. 2. Common dosage for children (1) Diuresis. According to body weight 0.25-2g/kg or body surface area 60g/m2, 15%-20% solution should be dripped intravenously within 2-6 hours. (2) Treatment of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension and glaucoma. 1-2 g/kg of body weight or 30-60 g/m2 of body surface area, intravenous drip at 15%-20% concentration within 30-60 minutes. When the patient is weak, the dose is reduced to 0.5 g/kg. (3) Differentiate between prerenal oliguria and renal oliguria. 0.2 g/kg of body weight or 6 g/m2 of body surface area, intravenous drip at 15%-25% concentration for 3-5 minutes. If there is no significant increase in urine volume 2-3 hours after medication, it can be used again. If there is still no response, it is not used again. (4) Treatment of drug and poison poisoning. 2 g/kg of body weight or 60 g/m2 of body surface area, intravenous drip at 5%-10% solution.

(1) Water and electrolyte disorders are the most common. ① Rapid intravenous injection of large amounts of mannitol can cause mannitol accumulation in the body, a rapid and large increase in blood volume (especially in acute and chronic renal failure), leading to heart failure (especially in cases of heart damage), dilutional hyponatremia, and occasionally hyperkalemia; ② Inappropriate excessive diuresis leads to a decrease in blood volume and aggravates oliguria; ③ A large amount of intracellular fluid transfers to the extracellular space can cause tissue dehydration and central nervous system symptoms. (2) Chills and fever. (3) Difficulty urinating. (4) Thrombophlebitis. (6) Mannitol extravasation can cause tissue edema and skin necrosis. (7) Allergies cause rash, urticaria, dyspnea, and anaphylactic shock. (8) Dizziness and blurred vision. (9) Hyperosmosis causes thirst. (9) Osmotic nephropathy (also known as mannitol nephropathy) is mainly seen during large-dose rapid intravenous infusion. Its mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and it may be related to mannitol causing excessive increase in renal tubular fluid osmotic pressure, leading to renal tubular epithelial cell damage. Pathological manifestations include swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells and vacuolation. Clinically, there is decreased urine volume and even acute renal failure. Osmotic nephropathy is common in elderly patients with reduced renal blood flow, hyponatremia, and dehydration.

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Taishan City Xinning Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

• Founded in:

  2005-06-24

• Address:

  No. 223, Renxiao Road, Taicheng Town, Taishan City

• Tax NO.:

  91440781776913130X

• Registered Funds:

  100 million yuan

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