Solvent naphtha (petroleum)

Petroleum distillates are colorless liquid petrochemical mixtures with kerosene-like odor and a boiling range of 90–240 °C containing hydrocarbons ranging between C7 and C12 divided into three major components. The group with highest proportion (30–50%) is usually linear and branched alkanes. The second group of relevant components is cycloalkanes, which can be found in petroleum distillates between 30 and 40%. Finally aromatic hydrocarbons can also be found in significant proportions up to 25% in these distillates. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that petroleum distillates may change over the years, mainly due to different origins of crude oils used for production and changes undergone in the refinery processes, which can conduce to variations in the exact composition of the same product even among different manufacturers. It is also remarkable that the name ‘petroleum distillates’ might include other preparations coming from different distillations of crude petroleum; indeed, European regulation for classification of labeling of chemicals considers petroleum distillates as a total of 12 different products, five with CAS number as described above plus another seven preparations corresponding to heavier distillation fractions (higher than C15).The petroleum distillates can be divided into three different categories according to the manufacturing procedure, that might be by catalytic hydrodesulfurization (type 1), by solvent extraction (type 2), or by treating a petroleum fraction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst (type 3) . The proportion or aromatics is lower than 25, 5, and 1% for types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A special preparation of petroleum distillate type 1 is manufactured in the United States under the name of Stoddard solvent. A fourth type (type 4) might be considered as a crude mixture not treated beyond the process of distillation.Petroleum distillates types 1, 2, and 3 are further divided into three technical grades, which are defined by flash point: low flash petroleum distillates (ranging between 21 and 30 C), regular flash petroleum distillates (ranging between 31 and 54 C), and high flash petroleum distillates (with flash point higher than 55 °C).Petroleum solvents are included by International Agency for Research on Cancer within Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans). However, the current European regulations consider distillates as belonging to carcinogen category 1B (presumed to have carcinogenic potential for humans) and require that these distillates be labeled with the hazard statement H350 (may cause cancer). In addition, they are also classified for aspiration toxicity and mutagenicity.
Colorless liquid with a kerosene-like odor;density 0.79 at 20°C (68°F); boils at 154–202°C (309–395°F); insoluble in water, miscible with most organic solvents..
STODDARD SOLVENT is a complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from the distillation of crude oil or natural gasoline. It consists predominantly of saturated hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C9 through C12 and boiling in the range of approximately 140.degree.C to 220.degree.C (284.degree.F to 428.degree.F).