Phosphorus Trichloride1

Phosphorus trichloride

Phosphorous trichloride;Phosphorus chloride (PCl3);Phosphorous chloride;Phosphine,trichloro-;Trichlorophosphine;Phosphorus chloride (Cl6P2);Phosphorus trichloride;11082-95-4

7719-12-2

Cl3P

InChIKey=FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

137.33300

137.33

231-749-3

M97C0A6S8U

0696

1809

DTXSID5029687

Clear colorless, fuming liquid|Colorless to yellow, fuming liquid.

2812104300

Coating Additive

13.59000

2.92970

Phosphorus trichloride appears as a colorless or slightly yellow fuming liquid with a pungent and irritating odor resembling that of hydrochloric acid. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Very toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Reacts with water to evolve hydrochloric acid, an irritating and corrosive gas apparent as white fumes. Used during electrodeposition of metal on rubber and for making pesticides, surfactants, gasoline additives, plasticizers, dyestuffs, textile finishing agents, germicides, medicinal products, and other chemicals.

1.574 g/cm³ @ Temp: 21 °C

-112 °C

76 °C

none

n20/D 1.5148(lit.)

Reacts

Store at RT.

23.32 psi ( 55 °C)

4.75 (vs air)

Noncombustible Liquid; however, a strong oxidizer that may ignite combustibles upon contact.

Reacts violently with water producing heat and decomposition products including hydrochloric acid and phosphorous acid, causing fire and explosion hazard.

Pungent

Decomposes rapidly in moist air|12.97 kPa (97.3 mm Hg)at 20 °C; 85.75 kPa (643 mm Hg) at 70 °C|Heat of formation: -319.7 kJ/mol; heat of evaporation: 31 kJ/mol; molar heat capacity: 120.9 J mol/K; rapidly hydrolyzed by water with evolution of heat to form phosphonic acid HP(O)(OH)2, and hydrochloric acid|Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 5.62 mg/cu m

Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water. Hydrolysis produces dense hydrogen chloride vapors. Phosphorus trichloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.14 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Water-Reactive

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE is a strong reducing agent that may ignite combustible organic materials upon contact. May generate flammable and potentially explosive gaseous hydrogen upon contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead). Reactions with water are violent and produce heat and flashes of fire. Gives intensely exothermic reactions with iodine monochloride [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:502. 1956]. Several laboratory explosions have been reported arising from mixtures with acetic acid, along with other acids, sulfuric acid and derivatives, carboxylic acids, etc. These have been ascribed to poor heat control allowing the formation of phosphine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60:488. 1938]. Ignites when mixed with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:290. 1946-47]. Causes an explosion on contact with nitric acid [Comp. Rend. 28:86]. It is incompatible with many common oxidants such as: sodium peroxide, fluorine, chromyl chloride, iodine chloride, to name a few. Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., Isopropyl Alcohol. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.)

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

9.91 eV

Noncombustible Liquid; however, a strong oxidizer that may ignite combustibles upon contact.

The vapour is heavier than air.

Corrodes most common construction materials.

30.5 kJ/mol

Critical temperature: 285.5 °C