Acute toxicity - Category 4, Oral

Eye irritation, Category 2

Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure, Category 3

Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 2

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 2

no data available

If inhaled

Following skin contact

Following eye contact

Following ingestion

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound may cause skin irritation. It may also cause photosensitization. The vapors, fumes or direct contact with the solid may be irritating to the eyes. Inhalation of the vapors may produce airway irritation, headache, nausea, weakness and collapse. Long term overexposure has led to corneal changes. Ingestion may lead to systemic poisoning involving the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and blood-forming tissue. Individuals with erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may be particularly susceptible to possible hemolytic effects. Individuals with a history of or pre-existing disease in eyes, mucous membranes, skin, blood-forming tissues or blood, liver or lungs may be at greater risk of adverse health effects when exposed to this material. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound can cause skin irritation and photosensitization. It may be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and may be highly toxic if swallowed. When heated to decomposition this compound emits acrid smoke and fumes. (NTP, 1992)

Harmful if inhaled. Liquid causes irritation of the eyes and skin and skin photosensitization. Harmful if swallowed. Chronic exposure may cause liver or kidney damage. (USCG, 1999)

Emergency and supportive measures: 1. Maintain an open air way and assist ventilation if necessary. 2. Treat coma and seizures if they occur. 3. Treat hemolysis and resulting hemoglobinuria if they occur by intravenous hydration and urinary alkalinization. Naphthalene

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Methylnaphthalenes, liquid

This chemical is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing mist, gas or vapours.Avoid contacting with skin and eye. Use personal protective equipment.Wear chemical impermeable gloves. Ensure adequate ventilation.Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.You should store this material under ambient temperatures.

Occupational Exposure limit values

Biological limit values

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.

Eye/face protection

Skin protection

Respiratory protection

Thermal hazards

Decomposes on heating. This produces acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

This chemical is stable under normal laboratory conditions. Solutions of this chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions.

Moderate fire risk.METHYLNAPHTHALENE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with peroxides and oxygen. (NTP, 1992)

no data available

This compound is incompatible with strong oxidizers.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 Rat oral 1840 mg/kg
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

Serious eye damage/irritation

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-single exposure

STOT-repeated exposure

Aspiration hazard

• Toxicity to fish: LC50; Species: Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) yearling; Conditions: freshwater, static, 10 deg C, pH 7.6-8.0, hardness 210-290 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 165-200 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >50%; Concentration: 8400 ug/L for 48 hr /formulation
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 deg C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 10 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 3-40 mmol/cu m) /> or =97% purity/; Effect: Immobilization.
• Toxicity to algae: EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae); Conditions: static; Concentration: 12000 ug/L for 14 days; Effect: growth, general /formulation
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

AEROBIC: Aerobic aqueous screening test data showed a 84 and 95% loss of 0.1 ppm methylnaphthalenes in 1 and 5.6 days, respectively, for acclimated sewage inoculum; methylnaphthalenes did not degrade with unacclimated sewage(1). No loss of 1-methylnaphthalene was observed for a 5 day BOD test with sewage seed at 20 deg C(2). When marine water was used as an inoculate, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene at respective concentrations of 0.045 and 0.067 ppm disappeared within 10 days under aerobic conditions at 25 deg C(3). Using the Japanese MITI I procedure, <5% degradation of methylnaphthalene occurred in 28 days; for the MITI II test with a freshwater inoculum, 49 and 72% of the 1- and 2-isomers were lost in 28 days under aerobic conditions at 25 deg C(4). A marine water die-away study with sediment inoculum from Dunstaffnage Bay, Oban, Scotland showed a 92 and 88.5% loss of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively, contained in crude oil after 7 days at 20 deg C(5). Methylnaphthalenes, present at 0.5 ppm carbon, was completely removed within 14 days from acclimated fresh-well water grab samples from Tuffenwies and Zurich, Switzerland, with a pH of 8.0, at 10 and 25 deg C and microbial populations of 300-400 cells/mL(6). Grab samples of groundwater aquifer soil that had acclimated to creosote wastes containing methylnaphthalene were able to degrade methylnaphthalenes, present at 0.02 to 0.12 ppm, under aerobic conditions at 25 deg C in less than a week(7). An average loss of 5.6 and 6.5% per week was observed for autoclaved controls(7). Unacclimated material from the same aquifer degraded methylnaphthalenes at an average rate of 3.5% per week; however autoclaved controls lost methylnaphthalenes at an overall rate of about 11% per week(7). Methylnaphthalene, present in light Arabian crude oil, showed little biodegradation in sea water, but when nutrients were added biodegradation increased; with sea water, sediment and nutrients, 100% biodegradation was seen in <10 days(8).

After 2, 3, 5 and 6 weeks exposure, the average bioconcentration factors for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene in the muscle tissue of Coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch) were 30, 85, 160 and 60, respectively(1). After 2 weeks exposure, the average bioconcentration factor for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene in the muscle tissue, liver and gills of Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) was 420, 1800 and 355, respectively(1). BCFs of 360-810 and 360-620 were found using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed for 60 days at respective concentrations of 1-methylnaphthalene of 1 and 10 ug/L(2). According to a classification scheme(3), BCF values of <30 are low and >1000 are very high. Methylnaphthalenes may be metabolized by some aquatic organisms(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of methylnaphthalenes can be estimated to be 2530(SRC). However, 1-methylnaphthalene has reported Koc values of 2290(2) and 4400(3) and 2-methylnaphthalene has a reported Koc value of 4350(2) and measured Koc value of 8500(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that methylnaphthalenes are expected to have slight to no mobility in soil.

no data available

Product

Contaminated packaging

no data available

no data available

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%