Doxycycline hydrochloride 99% see COA TNJONE CAS10592-13-9

Doxycycline hydrochloride, also known as doxycycline hydrochloride, is a light blue or yellow crystalline powder, odorless, hygroscopic, soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone. This product has a wide antibacterial spectrum and is effective against gram-positive coccus and negative Chemicalbook bacillus. The antibacterial action is about 10 times stronger than tetracycline, and it is still effective against tetracycline resistant bacteria. It is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and urinary system infection, etc., and can also be used for typhus, typhoid, and mycoplasma pneumonia.

Physical and chemical properties
Tetracycline is an α-tetraphene derivative, and the key to the different biological characteristics of this class of drugs lies in the difference of substituents in the 5, 6 and 7 positions of their tetracycline parent nuclei. Compared with similar drugs, doxycycline hydrochloride has better lipid solubility due to its different 5 and 6 substituents of tetracycline parent nucleus, which greatly improves its penetration through biofilm, and its rapid absorption and wide distribution in the body, and its antibacterial activity is also enhanced, showing that it can produce bactericidal effect on bacteria. Therefore, the use of doxycycline hydrochloride can also reduce the production of drug-resistant strains, while showing no obvious cross-resistance with natural tetracycline, and the elimination half-life of t1/2β in vivo metabolism as long as 15 ~ 22h, its sustained therapeutic effect is better. The commonly used drug form of doxycycline in clinical practice is Chemicalbook hydrochloride (Doxycycline hyclate), the physical shape is crystalline powder, the color is light yellow or yellow, odorless and bitter. It is soluble in water or methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol or acetone, and almost insoluble in chloroform. The stability of doxycycline hydrochloride aqueous solution is very poor, when the pH is 2.0 ~ 3.0, the dissociation constant of 1% doxycycline hydrochloride aqueous solution can be 3.5, 7.7 and 9.5, which is very easy to oxidation reaction in this physicochemical state. It can be seen that when using ordinary tablets, soluble powders or premixes, doxycycline hydrochloride in animals, especially monogastric animals, will fail due to oxidation or dissociation. The effect of its use is reduced, which seriously affects the clinical use of the drug. How to solve the above problems has become one of the important problems puzzling pharmacy.

Pharmacological action
The antibacterial spectrum is basically the same as tetracycline and oxytetracycline, and the antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro is stronger than tetracycline. Microorganisms had close cross-resistance to this product with tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Good oral absorption. It is mainly used for upper respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis, biliary tract infection, lymphadenitis, cellulitis, chronic senile bronchitis caused by sensitive gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. It is also used for the treatment of typhus, nosiphoniasis, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc. It can also be used to treat cholera and to prevent falciparum malaria and leptospirosis infections.

pharmacokinetics
(1)The absorption of high fat solubility and strong tissue penetration characteristics make the oral absorption of doxycycline hydrochloride is good, and the bioavailability is as high as 90-100%. Doxycycline is considered to be almost completely absorbed, with an average absorption availability of 95%, and food in the stomach or duodenum has no significant effect on the absorption bioavailability of doxycycline. Doxycycline is absorbed quickly and can be detected in the blood after about 15 minutes of administration. Absorption of doxycycline occurs mainly in the duodenum, with secondary absorption peaks in plasma often detected in the hepatoenteric circulation.
(2)Doxycycline is widely distributed in body tissues and body fluids. Due to its good fat solubility, it can be efficiently distributed to body tissues, especially the liver, kidneys and digestive tract.
(3) Excretion of doxycycline is usually excreted through feces and bile pathways, and there is no significant accumulation in animals with liver and kidney dysfunction.

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