Hot Selling Veterinary Levamisole Hydrochloride /Levamisole Hcl CAS 16595-80-5 for sale

Levamisole hydrochloride is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative primarily used as an antihelminthic agent. It has also gained recognition for its immunomodulatory properties.

Mechanism of Action

Levamisole acts through two main mechanisms:
Antiparasitic Activity: As a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, levamisole binds to the receptors in the neuromuscular junctions of nematodes (parasitic worms). This binding leads to sustained muscle contraction followed by paralysis, effectively immobilizing the parasites and allowing their expulsion from the host's body15.
Immunomodulatory Effects: Levamisole enhances immune function by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, increasing natural killer (NK) cell activity, and promoting the phagocytic activity of macrophages. It mimics thymopoietin, a thymic hormone that regulates immune responses, thereby restoring immune homeostasis in patients with compromised immune systems.

Applications

Levamisole is utilized in various medical contexts:
Anthelmintic Treatment: It is primarily used to treat infections caused by helminths such as ascariasis and hookworm infections.
Adjuvant Cancer Therapy: Levamisole has been used as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer, particularly in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Immunotherapy: Due to its immunomodulatory properties, levamisole has been studied for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated diseases.

Routes of Administration

Levamisole can be administered through several routes:
Oral Tablets: The most common method for treating parasitic infections in humans.
Topical Formulations: Used in dermatological applications for conditions like warts and certain inflammatory skin diseases.
Injectable Forms: Primarily utilized in veterinary medicine but also applicable in some human treatments.

Safety and Side Effects

Levamisole is generally well tolerated, but it can cause side effects:
Common Side Effects: These include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, and headache.
Serious Reactions: Long-term use may lead to more severe side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions and hematological disorders (e.g., agranulocytosis) due to its immunosuppressive effects.
Contraindications: Levamisole should be avoided in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components and those with pre-existing blood disorders. Caution  for patients with liver disease or autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of levamisole include:
Absorption: Levamisole is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1.5 to 4 hours after administration.
Distribution: It has a volume of distribution that allows it to reach various tissues effectively. Approximately 20-25% of levamisole binds to plasma proteins1.
Metabolism: The drug undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, producing both active and inactive metabolites. The primary metabolic pathway involves cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Elimination Half-Life: The elimination half-life ranges from 4.4 to 5.6 hours for the parent compound; however, some metabolites may have longer half-lives (up to 16 hours).
Excretion: Levamisole is primarily excreted through the kidneys, with about 70% eliminated over three days; only about 5% is excreted unchanged.

product application

Our advantage ：

★ The company has been established for more than 10 years with      rich export experience and experienced transportation team.

★ Awesome after sales.1 to 1 customer service to solve any problems from the beginning of the inquiry to the receipt of goods

★ Quality is guaranteed.

 Shipping Advise

1. By Express 

------Suitable for under 50kg, Fast:3-7 days.

High cost; Door to door service. Easy to pick up the goods.

2. By Air 

------Suitable for more than 50 kg, Fast:3-7 days,

High cost, airport to airport. professional broker needed.

3. By sea

------Suitable for more than 500kg. Slow: 5-45 days,

Low cost. Port to Port, professional broker needed.

                                                                                                            Service

1. Any inquiries will be replied within 24 hours.

2. Dedication to quality, supply & service.

3. Strictly on selecting raw materials.

4. OEM/ODM Available.

5. Reasonable & competitive price, fast lead time.

6. Sample is available for your evaluation & formulation development.

Questions and answers

1,Q:Are you a manufacturing company or a trading company?
   A:We are a production factory and a foreign trade company.

2,Q:How long does it take to receive the samples?
   A:About one week.

3,Q:Do you offer free samples?
    A:Yes,you only need to pay freight.(Product price <  $200)

4,Q:Do you test all goods before delivery?
   A:Yes.
5,Q:Do you have discount?
   A:Yes, for larger quantities, we always offer support at a better price.