Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt CAS 987-65-5 ATP disodium salt

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt More Info

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) disodium salt is a nucleotide triphosphate that serves as the primary energy-carrying molecule in the cells of all living organisms. It is the disodium salt form of ATP, used as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium is involved in various biological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.

Mechanism of Action

ATP is essential for intracellular energy transfer. When ATP is consumed in metabolic processes, it is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP). These molecules can then be recycled back into ATP through other metabolic pathways. Extracellular ATP and its breakdown product, adenosine, also influence biological processes, including neurotransmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, platelet function, vasodilation, and liver glycogen metabolism. These effects are mediated by P1 and P2 receptors.

Applications

Several clinical applications of ATP and adenosine have been reported:
Anesthesia: Low doses of adenosine may reduce neuropathic, hyperalgesic, and ischemic pain, potentially reducing post-operative opioid use.
Cardiology: ATP can be used as a pulmonary vasodilator in patients with pulmonary hypertension. It is also effective in diagnosing and treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias and diagnosing coronary artery disease.
Pulmonology: Nucleotides combined with a sodium channel blocker can improve mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Oncology: ATP may inhibit weight loss and tumor growth in patients with advanced lung cancer and may enhance the effects of cytostatics while protecting against radiation tissue damage.
Muscle Enhancement: Oral ATP supplementation may enhance muscular adaptations following resistance training.
Increasing Physical Energy: ATP is used under the tongue to increase physical energy.

Routes of Administration

ATP can be administered through various routes, including:
Intravenous (IV) injection
Sublingually (under the tongue)
Oral supplementation

Safety and Side Effects

Side effects of adenosine and ATP can include:
Facial flushing
Difficulty breathing
Chest pain or discomfort
Lightheadedness or dizziness
Tingling in arms
Numbness
Nausea
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Headache
Less common side effects can include heart attack and severe bradycardia. Postmarketing side effects of adenosine reported include cardiac arrest/asystole and cardiac failure.

Pharmacokinetics

ATP is found in every cell of the human body. It is readily converted into ADP and AMP during metabolic processes. A cascade of ectonucleotidases regulates extracellular ATP and adenosine levels, maintaining them within physiological limits. An average adult human processes around 50 kg (about 100 moles) of ATP daily.

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