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1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is a naturally occurring ketose sugar that is biodegradable, edible, and non-toxic to both humans and the environment. It is a versatile additive used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries.

Basic Properties of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone

Chemical Name and Structure: 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (1,3-Dihydroxyacetone, abbreviated as DHA) is the simplest ketose sugar, with a molecular formula of C₃H₆O₃ and a molecular weight of 90.08.

Physical Properties: It appears as a white crystalline powder, with a melting point of 75–80°C. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and ether, with water solubility exceeding 250 g/L (at 20°C). It remains stable at pH 6.0.

Safety: Naturally present in human metabolism, it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and harmless, meeting safety standards for cosmetics and food additives.

Applications of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone

Cosmetics Field

• Key Ingredient in Self-Tanning Products: Reacts with amino acids in skin keratin via the Maillard reaction to form melanoidin pigments, simulating a natural tan. Widely used in self-tanning lotions, sunscreens, and tanning emulsions.
• Sun Protection and Moisturization: Forms a protective film on the skin surface, reflecting UV rays and reducing water evaporation, offering dual sun protection and moisturizing effects.
• Hair Dyeing Aid: Reacts with keratin to form brown polymers, used in ammonia-free hair dye products to minimize hair damage.

Pharmaceutical Field

• Intermediate in Drug Synthesis: Utilized in the synthesis of cardiovascular drugs, antiviral agents (e.g., anti-HIV drugs), and antitumor drugs.
• Disease Treatment: Topically applied to treat pigmentation disorders such as vitiligo, promoting skin pigment regeneration.
• Metabolic Regulation: Acts as a functional additive to assist in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving metabolic syndrome.

Food and Feed Field

• Functional Food Additive: Promotes fat metabolism, reduces body fat percentage, aids in weight loss, and enhances athletes' aerobic endurance.
• Feed Additive: Reduces fat deposition in pig carcasses, increases lean meat yield, and improves meat quality.

Industrial and Biotechnological Applications

• Chemical Synthesis Intermediate: Participates in polymerization and condensation reactions to prepare chiral compounds, sugar derivatives, etc.
• Biocatalytic Raw Material: Serves as a substrate for microbial fermentation to produce high-value chemicals.