High Quality Tetrahydropalmatine Powder with Best Price

I. Overview

1. Chemical Properties and Sources
   • Chemical Structure: Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline-type alkaloid with the molecular formula C₂₁H₂₅NO₄ (CAS No. 6024-85-7). Its hydrochloride salt form (Tetrahydropalmatine Hydrochloride) appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, with a melting point of 147–149°C. It is highly soluble in organic solvents (e.g., chloroform, ethanol) and sparingly soluble in water.
   • Natural Sources: Extracted primarily from the rhizomes of Corydalis yanhusuo (Yanhusuo), THP is also found in Stephania spp. and Fibraurea spp. It exists in two optical isomers: levo-THP (L-THP, Rotundine) and racemic-THP (DL-THP), with L-THP exhibiting stronger pharmacological activity.
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2. Pharmacological Actions
   • Analgesic Effects: THP inhibits the release of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the central nervous system (CNS), blocking pain signal transmission. It is effective against chronic persistent pain (e.g., headaches, dysmenorrhea, arthralgia) but less potent for acute sharp pain (e.g., traumatic injuries).
   • Sedative-Hypnotic Effects: Enhances GABAergic inhibition by promoting chloride ion influx via GABA receptors, inducing sedation and improving sleep quality. It is used for neurotic insomnia.
   • Antispasmodic Effects: Alleviates pain caused by smooth muscle spasms (e.g., gastrointestinal colic, dysmenorrhea).
   • Additional Actions: Exhibits cardiovascular protection (antiarrhythmic, coronary vasodilation, anti-ischemic effects), with preclinical studies suggesting potential antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antitumor activities.
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3. Safety and Toxicity
   • Safety Profile: THP is non-addictive, with low toxicity and few side effects.
   • Toxicological Data: The oral LD₅₀ in mice is 151–158 mg/kg. Chronic high-dose use may cause extrapyramidal reactions (e.g., tremors), dizziness, fatigue, nausea, etc. Contraindicated in pregnant/lactating women, children, and individuals hypersensitive to its components.

II. Applications

1. Clinical Uses
   • Pain Management: Relieves mild-to-moderate pain (e.g., migraines, dysmenorrhea, postoperative pain, neuralgia) as an alternative or adjuvant to NSAIDs.
   • Neurosis and Insomnia: Treats anxiety, tension, and neurotic insomnia, often combined with benzodiazepines.
   • Gynecological Disorders: Manages primary dysmenorrhea and postpartum uterine contraction pain.
   • Cardiovascular Diseases: Used for antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic effects, though clinical validation is ongoing.
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2. Pharmaceutical Formulations
   • Oral Preparations: Tablets (e.g., Tetrahydropalmatine Sulfate Tablets, Rotundine Tablets) for analgesia and sedation.
   • Injectables: Some formulations for rapid postoperative or acute pain relief.
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3. Drug Interactions
   • May potentiate CNS depression when combined with central depressants (e.g., alcohol, hypnotics), requiring caution.
   • Avoid co-administration with other CNS-inhibiting drugs to prevent excessive drowsiness.
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   • Extraction Methods and Future Prospects
4. • Extraction Processes: Isolated from Corydalis spp. via ethanol extraction, acid-base precipitation, column chromatography, or supercritical CO₂ extraction.
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   • Future Applications:
   • • Analgesic Development: As a non-opioid analgesic for oral liquids, capsules, patches, etc., with potential for synergistic combinations.
     • Neurological Disorders: Explored for antidepressant/anxiolytic drug development.
     • Cardiovascular Protection: Investigated for antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic therapies.
     • Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor Effects: Studied for rheumatoid arthritis and cancer therapy potential.