LCO Lithium cobalt(III) oxide Battery grade

Physical Properties‌

1. ‌Crystal Structure‌

   
   Adopts a layered α-NaFeO₂-type hexagonal crystal system (space group R-3m), where Li⁺ and Co³⁺ ions occupy alternating layers of octahedral sites formed by oxygen anions23. Lattice parameters: a = 0.2814 nm, c = 1.4052 nm.
   

2. Morphology & Appearance‌

   
   Dark gray or blue-gray crystalline powder in bulk, with particle sizes typically optimized between 5–15 μm for battery applications. Insoluble in water but reacts with it under certain conditions.
   

3. Density‌

   
   True density: ~5.1 g/cm³3.

‌Chemical Properties‌

1. ‌Redox Behavior‌

   
   Acts as a strong oxidizer in acidic solutions, capable of oxidizing Cl⁻ to Cl₂ and Mn²⁺ to MnO₄⁻. 

   Exhibits a reversible lithium deintercalation mechanism during charge/discharge, with a redox potential plateau around 3.9 V3.
   

2. Electrochemical Performance‌

   
   Theoretical specific capacity: 274 mAh/g, but practical usable capacity is limited to ~140–155 mAh/g due to structural instability at deep lithium extraction (Li₁₋ₓCoO₂, x > 0.5)36.
   

3. Synthesis‌

   
   Prepared by calcining Li₂CO₃ and Co₃O₄ (or metallic cobalt) at 900°C under oxygen atmosphere

    Lithium cobalt oxide can be categorized into single crystal and polycrystalline forms. However, most commercial products today are primarily high-temperature phase single crystals, while polycrystalline versions are rarely used due to performance limitations.

    In contrast to ternary materials, the single crystal technology for lithium cobalt oxide has been developed earlier, benefiting from its layered structure, which is well-suited for single crystal preparation.

    Research on polycrystalline lithium cobalt oxide is still largely in the laboratory stage and has not yet demonstrated practical applications in the market.

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