Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalatopyranoside 99%Min White crystal or powder RC00101

1. Manufacturer: Hangzhou Royalchem Co.,LTD.

   Website:  www.cnroyalchem.com

   1.Chemical Identification  *  Product Name:  Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside *  Common Abbreviation:  IPTG *  CAS Registry Number:  367-93- 1  *  Synonyms:  Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside; 1-Methylethyl thiogalactoside; IPTG *  Molecular Formula:  C₉H₁₈O₅S *  Molecular Weight:  238.30 g/mol *  Chemical Structure:  Synthetic analog of allolactose where the oxygen atom in the glycosidic bond is replaced by a sulfur atom. Comprises a β-D-thiogalactose moiety linked via a thioether bond to isopropyl alcohol.

2. Physical and Chemical Properties  *  Appearance:  White  crystal or  powder. *  Solubility:  * Highly soluble in water. * Soluble in methanol and dimethylformamide (DMF). * Sparingly soluble or insoluble in most non-polar organic solvents. *  Melting Point:  11 0 -1 15  °C (decomposes). *  Specific Rotation:  [α]²⁰D ≈ -34° to -38° (c = 1 in H₂O). *  Purity:  Typically ≥99% (HPLC) for molecular biology grade. *  Hygroscopicity:  Moderately hygroscopic. Absorbs moisture from air. *  Stability:  Stable under recommended storage conditions. Solutions are generally stable at 4°C for weeks and can be filter-sterilized. Long-term storage of powder is recommended over solutions.

3. Key Functional Property  *  Molecular Biology Function:  Potent  inducer of gene expression  in bacterial systems utilizing the  lac  operon or T7/lac hybrid expression systems. *  Mechanism of Action:  * Mimics the natural inducer allolactose. * Binds tightly to the LacI repressor protein. * Causes a conformational change in LacI, releasing it from the  lac  operator (lacO) site. * Allows RNA polymerase to transcribe downstream genes (e.g., genes cloned under control of the  lac  or T7/lac promoter). *  Key Advantage over Lactose/Allolactose:  *  Non-metabolizable:  Not hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase (lacZ gene product). Induction is sustained and not subject to catabolite repression. *  High Affinity:  Binds LacI with much higher affinity than allolactose, leading to very efficient induction at low concentrations. *  Consistent:  Provides reliable and consistent induction independent of bacterial metabolism.

4. Applications (Primary Use)  *  Induction of Recombinant Protein Expression:  The primary application in molecular biology and biotechnology labs worldwide. *  Induction of Reporter Gene Expression:  Used with reporter systems like β-galactosidase (lacZ) for assays (e.g., blue/white screening, enzymatic assays), although X-gal is the direct substrate. *  Control of Gene Expression:  Essential tool for tightly regulating the timing and level of expression of cloned genes in  E. coli  and related bacteria. *  Functional Genomics:  Used in studies requiring controlled induction of gene products.

5. Usage  *  Typical Working Concentration:  0.1 mM to 1.0 mM in bacterial culture medium.  Optimal concentration should be determined empirically for each specific construct and host strain.  *  Preparation:  Solutions are commonly prepared in sterile water or buffer (e.g., 1M stock). Filter sterilization (0.22 µm) is recommended. Stock solutions are often stored at -20°C. *  Induction Protocol:  Added to mid-log phase bacterial cultures (OD₆₀₀ ~0.4-0.6) and incubation continued for the desired time (hours) to allow protein expression.

6. Handling and Storage  *  Storage (Powder):  Store desiccated at 2-8°C (refrigerator) or -20°C. Protect from moisture and light. Stable for years under these conditions. *  Storage (Solutions):  Store sterile filtered stock solutions (e.g., 1M) at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; aliquot if necessary. Working dilutions can be stored at 4°C for weeks. *  Handling:  Use in a well-ventilated area. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): lab coat, gloves, and safety glasses.

7. Safety Information (GHS Classification - Typical)  *  Hazard Statements:  * H315: Causes skin irritation. * H319: Causes serious eye irritation. * H335: May cause respiratory irritation. *  Precautionary Statements:  * P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. * P264: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. * P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. * P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. * P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. * P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. *  Not considered highly toxic or carcinogenic , but standard laboratory precautions are essential. Refer to the specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the exact product lot.