Other Name: South African aubergine extract;South Africa drunk tomato extract;
Botanical Source: Ashwagandha's Roots and Leaves
Latin name: Withania Somnifera
Specification: 1%-10%
CAS No: 30655-48-2
Appearance: Brown Powder
Package: 25KG/Fiber Drum, Foil Bag
Shelf Life: 2 Years
Application: Foods for Special Dietary Uses, Food
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Sales Specialist: Serrisha (sales@appchem.cn; +86-138-0919-0407)
Ashwagandha, also known as Indian ginseng, is one of the most important medicinal plants in the Ayurvedic medical system of India, with a history of use dating back over 3,000 years. A member of the Solanaceae family, this plant contains up to 140 phytochemicals, including polyphenols, organic acids, alkaloids, and solanine.
Among them, solanine is the most important active ingredient in South African solanine, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogen properties. The extract of South African drunken eggplant, as a dietary supplement, is primarily effective in relieving stress, improving sleep, enhancing immunity, and regulating hormones.
| Molecular formula: C28H38O6 |
| Molecular weight: 470.6 |
| Melting point: 253-255°C |
| Boiling point: 663.7±55°C |
| Odor and taste: Characteristic |
| Dissolution property: Slightly soluble in ethanol and water |
| Detection method: HPLC |
| Annual Supply Capacity: 50MT |
| Structural formula & Essential structural groups with different activities of withanolides: |
Reference: Chen LX, He H, Qiu F. Natural withanolides: an overview. Nat Prod Rep. 2011 Apr, 28(4):705-40.
02 Botany Characteristics and Historical Applications
Withania somnifera is a perennial shrub plant belonging to the Solanaceae family and the Withania genus. Its plant height typically ranges from 35 to 75 centimeters and can reach up to 1.5 meters. The entire plant is covered with star-shaped hairs, presenting a grayish-green appearance. It mainly grows in arid environments in parts of India, the Middle East, and Africa. It thrives in warm, dry climates, has strong drought resistance, and is suitable for growing at a temperature range of 20-35 °C. It does not have strict soil requirements, but prefers well-drained sandy loam soil. Its medicinal parts are mainly the roots and fruits.
The use of Ashwagandha in Ayurvedic medicine in India dates back over 3,000 years and is revered as the "King of Ayurveda". Its Sanskrit name, "Ashwagandha", consists of "Ashva" (horse) and "gandha" (scent), meaning that its roots have a horse-like scent, traditionally believed to impart the vitality and strength of a horse. In Ayurvedic medicine, South African drunken eggplant is classified as "Rasayana" (longevity medicine), with traditional uses including anti-aging, enhancing vitality, improving stress resistance, and improving sexual function. Unlike conventional methods, modern extraction techniques enable more efficient extraction and utilization of active ingredients from South African eggplant.
03 Active Ingredients and Extraction Process
The active ingredients of Ashwagandha mainly include solanides, alkaloids, sterols, and polysaccharide compounds. Among them, lactone is the most important bioactive ingredient, with over 50 derivatives discovered.
Among these active ingredients, withanolides are a class of steroid alkaloids that serve as a signature ingredient of South African Solanum, possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogen properties. Alkaloids (such as Withanine) are involved in regulating neurotransmitter and hormone secretion.
To efficiently extract these active ingredients, modern technology mainly adopts the following methods:
| Extraction Method | Process Characteristics | Pros and Cons |
| Ethanol reflux extraction | Using ethanol as the solvent, heat, and reflux to extract coumarin from roots or leaves | High efficiency and high yield of solanine; However, residual ethanol needs to be controlled and is not suitable for thermosensitive components. |
| Water extraction | Boil water to extract polysaccharides and some water-soluble alkaloids | Low cost and high security; However, the dissolution rate of solanine is low and requires purification through other processes. |
| Supercritical CO₂ extraction | Utilizing the high permeability and selectivity of supercritical CO₂ for the extraction of lipid-soluble solanine | High purity, no solvent residue, suitable for high-end health products; Expensive equipment costs and limited scale production. |
| Enzyme-assisted extraction | Adding cellulase or protease to destroy plant cell walls | Improve extraction efficiency by over 30% and reduce extraction time. The type of enzyme and reaction conditions need to be controlled. |
Table: Comparison of main extraction processes for Ashwagandha.
04 Mechanism of Action and Health Benefits
The most significant effect of Ashwagandha is its adaptive properties, which can help the body adapt to stress and restore balance. Its main mechanism of action is to inhibit the overactivation of the HPA axis and reduce cortisol (stress hormone) levels.
① Immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects
Withanolide can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, boost the activity of natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cells, and mitigate immune-related issues, including colds and allergies. Animal experiments have shown that Ashwagandha can alleviate joint swelling and pain in arthritis models. Its anti-inflammatory effect is mainly achieved by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory factors.
Reference: Dar N, Hamid A, Ahmad M. Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Dec; 72(23):4445-60.
② Hormonal Regulation and Performance Enhancement
Research has shown that Ashwagandha has a positive impact on men's health. A study showed that after taking Ashwagandha for 12 weeks, key functional indicators improved by 83.1% in 188 men aged 40-65. The mechanism of action includes: activating testicular interstitial cells and promoting natural secretion of testosterone; improving the endothelial function of cavernous blood vessels and enhancing congestion efficiency; eliminating free radicals and slowing down organ aging. For women's health, South African eggplant can regulate estrogen receptors and alleviate symptoms such as menopausal hot flashes and emotional fluctuations (more clinical data is needed to support this).
③ Cognitive Function and Neuroprotection
Research has shown that Ashwagandha extract may be beneficial for cognitive function. Through clinical evidence, Ashwagandha can help maintain clear thinking and meet the focused performance required for work, study, and daily life. Its antioxidant components can also protect neurons from the toxic effects of β-amyloid protein, which may play a role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (research stage).
Reference: Zhao M, Wang B, Zhang C, Su Z, Guo B, Zhao Y, Zheng R. The DJ1-Nrf2-STING axis mediates the neuroprotective effects of Withaferin A in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Differ. 2021 Aug; 28(8):2517-2535
④ Application Fields and Product Forms
Ashwagandha extract has a wide range of application fields, mainly including: health products and functional foods (such as anti stress products, sports nutrition products, immune enhancers), skincare products and cosmetics (such as anti-inflammatory and anti-aging products, sun protection and repair products), as well as traditional and modern medicine (such as Ayurvedic formulas, modern research directions).
In terms of product form, Ashwagandha extract is suitable for various dosage forms, including capsules, tablets, powder packs, beverages, and functional snacks.
Ashwagandha extract also has corresponding applicable solutions to meet the needs of different groups of people:
- Graduating students: Ashwagandha extract may help improve concentration and learning efficiency.
- Office workers: suitable for professionals who need to relieve work pressure, improve anxiety, and reduce fatigue.
- Silver-haired individuals: Ashwagandha extract may help maintain cognitive function and overall health in the elderly.
05 Quality Standards and Safety
The key quality control indicators of Ashwagandha extract mainly include the content of solanine. Food-grade extracts typically require a total of ≥ 2.0% (calculated as Withaferin A) of solanine, while health product-grade extracts require a total of ≥ 5.0% -10% of solanine, and the content of major monomer components (such as Withanolide D) needs to be clearly defined.
Ashwagandha South African Solanum extract has obtained multiple certifications, including GRAS, HALAL, KOSHER, AYUSH, GMP, HACCP, FSSC22000, BRCGS, DSIR, etc. This indicates that its safety and quality have been internationally recognized. In terms of safety, studies have shown that Ashwagandha extract has good tolerance. In a study, 18 healthy adults were found to have no drug-related adverse reactions after taking a new type of Ashwagandha preparation, and four cases of mild abnormalities were determined to be unrelated to the preparation.
However, it should be noted that pregnant or lactating women should avoid using supplements that have not been approved by a doctor. In addition, individuals taking other medications should consult with medical professionals before use to ensure that potential interactions do not occur. The following table compares the clinical trial data of two major brands of raw materials on the market.
06 Market Prospects and Development Trends
With the increasing demand for natural health products, the Ashwagandha extract market is growing rapidly. Modern people face high levels of stress in their daily lives, which not only affects their physiological metabolism but also raises concerns about mental health, such as tension, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or depression, and even increases the risk of premature aging of the brain.
In the face of an aging population, maintaining healthy aging and independent living is an issue that cannot be ignored for everyone. Ashwagandha extract, as a natural ingredient with multiple health benefits, perfectly meets this demand.
In the future, the development trends of Ashwagandha extract include: continuous innovation in extraction technology to improve bioavailability and efficacy; expansion of application areas, from health products to functional foods, skincare products, and other multiple fields; and the deepening of clinical research further confirms its efficacy and safety in various indications.
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