Ammonia(NH3)

Liquid ammonia is mainly used in the production of nitric acid, urea, and other chemical fertilizers, and can also be used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In the defense industry, it is used to manufacture propellants for rockets and missiles. It can be used as an ammonification raw material for organic chemical products and also as a refrigerant. The lone electron pairs in NH3 molecules tend to form coordination bonds with other molecules or ions, generating various forms of ammonia complexes. Compounds such as [Ag (NH3) 2]+, [Cu (NH3) 4] 2+, BF3NH3, etc. are all coordinated with NH3. Liquid ammonia is a great solvent, and due to the polarity of its molecules and the presence of hydrogen bonds, it shares many physical properties with water. Some reactive metals can displace hydrogen and generate hydroxides from water, making it less likely to displace hydrogen in liquid ammonia. But liquid ammonia can dissolve metals to form a blue solution. This metal liquid ammonia solution can conduct electricity and slowly decompose to release hydrogen gas, with strong reducibility. For example, sodium liquid ammonia solution: The reason why metal liquid ammonia solution appears blue, can conduct electricity, and has strong reducibility is due to the generation of "ammonia electrons" in the solution. The transportation method for liquid ammonia is to fill it with steel cylinders or tank trucks. Steel cylinders or tank trucks used for filling shall comply with relevant regulations such as the "Gas Cylinder Safety Supervision Regulations" and the "Pressure Vessel Safety Supervision Regulations" issued by the National Labor Bureau. The allowable weight filling coefficient is 0.52kg/L. Steel cylinders and tank trucks used for transporting liquid ammonia must comply with the "Dangerous Goods Transport Regulations" formulated by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. During transportation, they should avoid heating and smoking is strictly prohibited. Steel cylinders must be equipped with safety helmets and wrapped with rubber bands or grass ropes to prevent severe impact and vibration. Liquid ammonia cylinders should be stored in warehouses or on covered platforms. When storing outdoors, tents should be used to cover and prevent direct sunlight. Mainly relying on railway and road transportation. The hazards of hazardous liquid ammonia to humans mainly include burning the skin, eyes, or respiratory mucosa, and in severe cases, it may also cause ammonia poisoning and even endanger the patient's life safety. Liquid ammonia refers to liquid ammonia gas, which is a colorless and toxic substance with a strong irritant odor and corrosiveness. It has a very strong corrosiveness to human skin, eyes, respiratory mucosa and other parts. If inhaled in large amounts at once, it may also cause swelling or even detachment of respiratory mucosa, leading to symptoms of airway obstruction. It is advisable to avoid long-term direct contact with liquid ammonia. After skin contact with liquid ammonia, rinse with plenty of water or saline solution in a timely manner. If obvious clinical symptoms appear, seek medical treatment promptly.

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