High Purity SS-31 CAS 736992-21-5 98% Purity Elamipretide

1.  Description

Chemical properties: SS-31 belongs to a modified tetrapeptide compound with an amino acid sequence of D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH ₂ (Dmt is 2,6-dimethyltyrosine), containing D-type amino acids and non naturally modified residues, greatly enhancing its resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis and stability. The core target is cardiolipin on the mitochondrial membrane, which specifically binds to cardiolipin through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions without affecting other cellular structures. Chemically stable, not easily hydrolyzed within the pH range of 5.0-8.0, with a half-life 5-6 times longer than natural peptides, and good compatibility with antioxidant components such as coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E.
     Physical properties: SS-31 is a white to off white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless and tasteless, with moderate water solubility (solubility ≥ 30 mg/mL), easily soluble in polar organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethanol, etc., and insoluble in non-polar solvents such as petroleum ether. The molecular weight is 589.7 Da, and it needs to be stored under dry, sealed, and dark conditions at -20 ℃ to avoid repeated freezing and thawing; The purity of research grade/preclinical grade products is ≥ 98% (detected by HPLC), with single impurities ≤ 1.0%, and no endotoxins or heavy metal residues.
      Source and preparation: SS-31 has no natural form and is accurately prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Using high-purity D-type amino acids and Dmt modified residues as raw materials, the product is purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through condensation, deprotection, peptide chain assembly, and C-terminal amidation modification; The synthesis process strictly controls the reaction conditions to ensure the integrity of modified residues and mitochondrial targeting activity, and verifies the structural accuracy through mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

2.  Application

       Preclinical and clinical research and development field (core application): SS-31 is a candidate drug for mitochondrial function repair, focusing on clinical research and development of mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases. The indications currently in phase III clinical trials include Friedreich ataxia (FA) and dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD); Phase II clinical trials include heart failure and diabetes peripheral neuropathy; In addition, we are exploring the therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as organ injuries such as acute kidney injury and liver fibrosis.
       In the field of biomedical research, SS-31 serves as a core tool and reagent for mitochondrial research, used to explore the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. In cell models such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), it is used to detect indicators such as mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory chain activity, and ROS generation; In animal models such as FA model mice, aging mice, and ischemia-reperfusion injury models, it is used to validate mitochondrial protection strategies and provide experimental evidence for the development of related disease drugs.
      Potential high-end anti-aging and functional health field: SS-31, based on mitochondrial protection and antioxidant properties, has the potential to be applied in high-end anti-aging dietary supplements and skincare products. It can delay age-related functional decline (such as decreased muscle endurance and dull skin) by improving cellular mitochondrial energy metabolism; Added to anti-aging skincare products, it can repair skin mitochondrial damage, alleviate fine lines and sagging caused by oxidative stress, and is currently in the preclinical validation stage.

3. Main Efficacy

Mitochondrial targeted protection core function: The SS-31 core mechanism precisely penetrates the mitochondrial bilayer membrane and anchors the interior of mitochondria by binding the positive charge of D-Arg residues with the negative charge of cardiolipin. After combination, it can stabilize the mitochondrial membrane structure, repair the interaction between cardiolipin and respiratory chain complex, restore the function of mitochondrial electron transport chain, improve ATP generation efficiency, and reverse mitochondrial fragmentation (a typical feature in aging or disease states).
     Oxidative stress regulation and cell protective effects: SS-31 can directly eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria, inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions, and reduce oxidative stress damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and membrane structure; Simultaneously upregulate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), enhance mitochondrial antioxidant defense system, and reduce cell apoptosis rate. In the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model, it can increase the survival rate of myocardial cells by more than 35% and reduce the infarct size.
     Multi organ targeted repair efficacy: SS-31 targets neural tissue, protects neuronal mitochondrial function, reduces neuronal apoptosis, and improves motor coordination in Friedlich ataxia model mice; Targeting the cardiovascular system, it can improve myocardial contractility and reduce the risk of myocardial remodeling in patients with heart failure; For the eyes, it can protect the mitochondria of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and delay the progression of dry AMD; Targeting the skin, it can promote mitochondrial energy metabolism in fibroblasts, enhance collagen synthesis ability, and improve skin elasticity and radiance.
      Safety advantages: SS-31 has no significant cytotoxicity (MTT assay shows cell survival rate>97% at concentration ≤ 5 μ mol/L), no mutagenicity, no reproductive toxicity, and no significant adverse reactions after long-term administration; Mitochondria have strong targeting ability and do not bind to other intracellular targets, avoiding non-specific side effects. They have good tolerability in clinical studies and are suitable for long-term treatment and health maintenance scenarios.