40% or 98% Crocin CAS 42553-65-1 High QUality Plant Extracts

Crocin More Info

Crocin is a rare, water-soluble carotenoid pigment and the primary coloring compound responsible for the distinctive red hue of saffron, the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower, with the CAS Registry Number 42553-65-1. Its molecular structure is unique among carotenoids; it is a diester formed from the carotenoid crocetin, where two molecules of the sugar gentiobiose are esterified to the carboxyl ends of the crocetin backbone. This glycosylation makes it unusually water-soluble compared to lipophilic carotenoids like beta-carotene. In its pure form, it typically appears as a red-orange powder or crystalline solid.

The compound's biological activities are multifaceted, stemming from its carotenoid-derived antioxidant capacity and its specific glycosidic structure. It functions as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress. Research also indicates potential neuroprotective, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing effects in preclinical models. These effects are believed to be mediated through modulation of various signaling pathways, including those involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory cytokines, as well as its interaction with cellular membranes.

The most prominent traditional and commercial application of crocin is as a natural colorant and flavoring agent in the food industry, valued for its vibrant color and contribution to saffron's aroma profile. Beyond this, it is the focal point of significant nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research. It is investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits in managing conditions such as depression, anxiety, age-related macular degeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Standardized saffron extracts, often quantified by their crocin content, are marketed as dietary supplements for mood support and cognitive health.

Due to its high water solubility, crocin has distinct pharmacokinetic properties. When ingested, it is hydrolyzed in the intestinal tract to crocetin and sugars. The aglycone, crocetin, is then absorbed into the bloodstream and is believed to be the primary active form responsible for systemic effects, as it can cross the blood-brain barrier. This contrasts with many fat-soluble carotenoids that require dietary fat for absorption. In research, it is often administered orally to animals or used in cell culture studies to evaluate its bioactive potential.

The safety profile of crocin, as consumed in dietary amounts from saffron, is excellent, with saffron having a long history of safe culinary and medicinal use. However, like all bioactive compounds, extremely high doses can be toxic. Saffron itself is toxic at doses exceeding several grams, primarily due to other constituents like safranal, but crocin specifically has shown a wide safety margin in toxicological studies. No significant adverse effects are associated with typical supplemental or culinary doses. Its status as a natural, water-soluble pigment with promising bioactive properties makes it a compound of considerable interest in both food science and preventive medicine.

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