4. Papermaking Industry

• V. Product Usage Method (Solid Exclusive, Operation Specifications)

  The usage effect of solid anionic polyacrylamide not only depends on the product specifications, but is also closely related to the usage method. To ensure the usage effect and reduce costs, it is necessary to strictly follow the following operation specifications, which are in line with the dissolution and dosing characteristics of solid products:

  1. Dissolution Preparation

  • Dissolution container: Select corrosion-resistant containers such as plastic, glass, and ceramic ones. Avoid using metal containers (metal ions will affect the product performance). The volume of the container is determined according to the dosage, ensuring sufficient stirring space.
  • 
    Dissolution water quality: Use room temperature clean water (20-30℃ is optimal). Avoid using water containing impurities, oil stains, acids, or alkalis, as this will affect the dissolution effect and product performance. If the water quality is hard, it can be softened in advance. When used for the treatment of drinking water sources, clean water that meets drinking water standards must be selected.
  • 
    Dissolution ratio: The conventional dissolution ratio is 0.1%-0.5% (i.e., 1-5g of solid APAM dissolved in 1000mL of clean water), which can be adjusted according to actual working conditions; for sludge dewatering and thickening purposes, the concentration can be appropriately increased to 0.5%-1.0%, and for wastewater clarification and river water purification, it can be reduced to 0.1%-0.3%.
    

  • 2. Dissolution Operation Steps

    1. First, add an appropriate amount of clean water to the dissolution container, turn on the stirring device (with the stirring speed controlled at 200-300r/min), ensure that the water flow is stirred evenly, and avoid agglomeration caused by excessively high local concentration.
    2. 
       Slowly and evenly sprinkle solid APAM into the stirring clean water, avoiding adding a large amount at one time (to prevent agglomeration and difficulty in dissolution). When sprinkling, try to get close to the water surface to reduce dust emission.
    3. 
       Continue stirring: stir granular products for about 60 minutes and powdery products for about 30 minutes until the products are completely dissolved, forming a uniform, transparent and viscous solution with no obvious insoluble substances or agglomerates.
    4. 
       After dissolution is complete, let it stand for 5-10 minutes to allow the solution to fully mature and enhance the usage effect; if a small amount of precipitate appears after dissolution, it can be filtered before use to avoid clogging the dosing pipeline.
       

    
    

    

    1. 3. Dosing Method

       • Dosing method: Use a metering pump for uniform dosing. Put the dissolved APAM solution into the treatment system (wastewater, sludge, pulp, drilling mud, etc.) through the metering pump. The dosing point should be selected at a position with sufficient stirring to ensure full mixing of the solution and the treatment system, and to avoid excessively high local concentration.
       •  
       • Dosing amount: The conventional dosing amount is 0.1-10ppm (that is, 0.1-10mg of solid APAM is dosed into 1L of the treatment system). The specific dosing amount needs to be determined through small-scale tests according to the actual conditions of the treatment system, such as turbidity, suspended solid content, and pH value. This is to avoid waste caused by excessive dosing or poor treatment effect due to insufficient dosing. For thickening and filter-aiding purposes, the dosing amount can be appropriately increased to 10-50ppm.
       •  
       • Combined use: It can be used in conjunction with inorganic flocculants such as polyferric sulfate and polyaluminum chloride. First, add the inorganic flocculant, stir evenly (with an interval of 5-10 minutes), and then add the APAM solution to enhance the flocculation effect; the two must not be added at the same time to avoid a conflict in efficacy.

       

       4. Precautions (Operational Safety)

       • Operators must wear gloves and masks to avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust; if skin contact occurs accidentally, rinse immediately with clean water; if inhaled accidentally, move to a well-ventilated area and seek medical attention if necessary.
       • 
         During the dissolution and dosing process, avoid contact of the solution with the eyes; if it accidentally splashes into the eyes, immediately rinse with plenty of clean water for more than 15 minutes, and seek medical attention if necessary.
       • 
         The dissolved solution should be used promptly and is not suitable for long-term storage (storage time should not exceed 24 hours); otherwise, it will lead to performance degradation and affect the usage effect. Undissolved solid products need to be stored in sealed containers to avoid moisture absorption and caking.
       • 
         The dosing equipment needs to be cleaned regularly to prevent residual APAM solution from caking and clogging pipes and equipment, which would affect normal operation; the cleaning wastewater must be introduced into the treatment system to avoid pollution caused by direct discharge.
       • 
         Mixing and storing with strong acids, strong alkalis, oxidants, heavy metals, and other substances is prohibited; otherwise, the product structure will be damaged, resulting in performance failure. At the same time, avoid mixing with cationic polyacrylamide to prevent reactions.
       • 
         When used for drinking water source treatment, drinking water-grade products must be selected, and the dosage must be strictly controlled to ensure that the residual amount in the water after treatment meets the drinking water standards.
         

       • VI. Product Packaging and Storage (Exclusive for Solids)

         1. Product Packaging

         Solid anionic polyacrylamide is packaged with moisture-proof, leak-proof, and dust-proof packaging to ensure that the product does not get damp, agglomerate, or lose during transportation and storage. The specific packaging specifications are as follows, which can be customized according to customer needs:

         
         Regular packaging: Adopting double-layer packaging, the inner layer is a polyethylene plastic bag (moisture-proof, leak-proof), and the outer layer is a polypropylene woven bag (wear-resistant, pressure-resistant). Each bag has a net weight of 25kg, and the bag mouth is sealed with double seals of heat sealing and rope binding to prevent dust leakage and moisture.

         
         Custom packaging: Packaging in specifications such as 5kg, 10kg, and 50kg can be customized according to customers' usage requirements; ton bag packaging (with a net weight of 1000kg per bag) can also be customized, which is suitable for large-volume transportation and use, reducing packaging costs.

         
         Packaging Marking: Each bag is labeled with information such as product name (Solid Anionic Polyacrylamide), model (molecular weight, degree of hydrolysis), net weight, production date, shelf life, manufacturer, contact information, and safety warnings for easy identification and use; drinking water-grade products must be separately marked with the "Drinking Water Grade" label.
         

         
         

         

         2. Storage Requirements

         The storage of solid APAM must comply with the following requirements to ensure stable product performance and extend the shelf life:

         
         Storage environment: Store in a dry, ventilated, cool, and clean warehouse, avoiding moisture, high temperature, and direct sunlight. The warehouse temperature should be controlled between 5-30℃, with a relative humidity of ≤60%, and kept away from water sources, heat sources, and fire sources.

         
         Stacking requirements: Products should be stacked neatly, kept away from the ground (can be placed on wooden boards or pallets) to avoid contact with ground moisture; the stacking height should not exceed 10 layers to prevent compaction and caking; products of different specifications and batches should be stacked separately with clear labels to avoid confusion; drinking water-grade products should be stored separately and distinguished from industrial-grade products.

         
         Sealing requirements: Unopened packages must remain sealed, and opened products must be sealed promptly to avoid moisture absorption and caking due to moisture. If the product accidentally gets damp and cakes, it can be crushed and dissolved for use; if the caking is severe, it is recommended to discard it to avoid affecting the use effect.

         
         Shelf life: Under conditions that meet the storage requirements, the shelf life is 24 months; if stored improperly, the shelf life will be shortened. It is recommended to use up the product within the shelf life.

         
         Taboos: It is prohibited to store with strong acids, strong alkalis, oxidants, heavy metals and other substances in the same warehouse to avoid failure of product performance; smoking and open flames are prohibited in the warehouse, and fire prevention measures must be taken; mixing with food and drinking water is prohibited to avoid contamination.
         

         
         

         

         VII. Description of Picture Display

         Product detail diagram

          

         Detailed diagram of solid APAM particles

         
         Description: Display details of white/light yellow granular solid APAM, with uniform particles, no visible impurities, no agglomeration, particle size of approximately 0.5-1.0mm, dry surface, and no deliquescence; the uniformity of the particles can be clearly seen, reflecting product purity and production technology, intuitively presenting the core morphological characteristics of the solid product, which has subtle differences from cationic polyacrylamide particles (the particles are rounder and have better fluidity).
         

         
         

         

         
         

         Detailed image of solid APAM powder

          

         Description: Display details of white powdery solid APAM. The powder is fine, with no agglomeration or impurities, a fineness of approximately 100-120 meshes, and good fluidity; the fineness of the powder can be clearly seen, reflecting the product's dissolution advantage, suitable for scenarios requiring rapid dissolution. It intuitively distinguishes the differences between granular and powdery types. The powder has no obvious agglomeration and excellent dispersibility.

         
         

         

         
         

         Diagram of the solution after dissolution of solid APAM

         
         Explanation: Display the 0.1% concentration aqueous solution of solid APAM. The solution is uniform, transparent, and viscous, with no obvious insoluble substances or precipitates, intuitively presenting the product's water solubility advantage; by comparing the forms before and after dissolution, it reflects the product's characteristics of easy dissolution and good dissolution effect. At the same time, the viscosity of the solution can be observed, which meets the requirements of thickening purposes and facilitates understanding of the preparation state of the product before use.
         

         
         

         

         
         

         VIII. Common Problems and Solutions (Solid Exclusive)

         To help customers better use solid anionic polyacrylamide and solve potential problems during use, the following compiles common issues and targeted solutions to ensure the product's effectiveness in use.

         
         

         Common Problems	Cause Analysis	Solution
         The product is difficult to dissolve and clumps	1. The one-time dosage is too large and not evenly sprinkled; 2. The stirring speed is too slow, resulting in uneven water flow; 3. The water contains impurities and oil stains, which affect dissolution; 4. The product is damp and agglomerated.	1. Sprinkle the product slowly and evenly, avoiding one-time addition; 2. Increase the stirring speed (200-300r/min); 3. Use clean water for dissolution, and remove impurities and oil stains from the water; 4. Crush the damp and agglomerated product before dissolving; if the agglomeration is severe, discard the product.
         Poor flocculation effect, with small flocs and slow sedimentation	1. Mismatched product specifications (inappropriate selection of molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis); 2. Insufficient dosage; 3. Inadequate dissolution with undissolved lumps; 4. Incompatible pH value of the water body (deviating from 2.0-12.0); 5. Not used in conjunction with inorganic flocculants.	1. Select products with appropriate molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis through small-scale tests; 2. Appropriately increase the dosage and conduct gradual debugging; 3. Extend the stirring time to ensure complete dissolution of the product; 4. Adjust the pH value of the water body to the range of 2.0-12.0; 5. First add the inorganic flocculant, and then add APAM after an interval of 5-10 minutes.
         Poor thickening effect and insufficient viscosity	1. The selected molecular weight is too low; 2. The dissolution concentration is insufficient; 3. The dissolution time is insufficient, and the product is not completely dissolved; 4. The water temperature is too high (exceeding 60℃), leading to product degradation.	1. Select high molecular weight (≥15 million) products; 2. Increase the dissolution concentration to 0.5%-1.0%; 3. Extend the stirring time to ensure complete dissolution and maturation of the product; 4. Control the water temperature within the range of 5-60℃ to avoid high-temperature degradation.
         Caking and performance degradation of the product after storage	1. The storage environment is humid and poorly ventilated; 2. The packaging is not sealed, causing moisture absorption and dampness; 3. The storage temperature is too high (exceeding 30℃), leading to product degradation.	1. Transfer to a dry, well-ventilated, and cool warehouse for storage; 2. Seal the packaging, and reseal it promptly after opening; 3. Control the warehouse temperature within 5-30℃, avoid direct sunlight, and prevent product degradation.
         After dosing, the water becomes turbid and discolors again	1. Excessive dosage leads to over-flocculation; 2. The interval between the addition of this product and inorganic flocculants is too short, resulting in a conflict of efficacy; 3. The content of suspended solids in the water is too high, leading to insufficient flocculation.	1. Reduce the dosage and gradually adjust to the optimal amount; 2. Extend the dosing interval (5-10 minutes), add inorganic flocculants first, then add APAM; 3. Increase the dosage or extend the stirring time to ensure sufficient flocculation.
         When used in drilling mud, the viscosity is unstable	1. Inappropriate selection of product molecular weight; 2. Insufficient dissolution, with undissolved lumps; 3. The mud contains strong acids, alkalis, and oxidants, leading to product degradation; 4. Uneven stirring.	1. Select ultra-high molecular weight (≥20 million) products; 2. Extend the stirring time to ensure complete dissolution of the product; 3. Avoid mixing strong acids, alkalis, and oxidants into the mud; 4. Strengthen stirring to ensure full mixing of the APAM solution and the mud.

         IX. Summary of Product Advantages (Exclusive to Solids)

         Compared with liquid APAM and other flocculants, the core advantages of solid anionic polyacrylamide are summarized as follows: it is convenient for customers to quickly understand the product value.

          

         • High efficiency and energy saving: High active ingredient content (solid content ≥ 88%), low dosage, high treatment efficiency. Compared with liquid products, the treatment cost is reduced by 40%-60%. It has fast flocculation and sedimentation speed, stable thickening effect, and improves production efficiency.
         •  

         • Convenient and practical: Easy to dissolve, simple to operate, no special equipment required. The solid form is convenient for transportation and storage, with no risk of leakage. It is suitable for field, remote areas and large-volume usage scenarios. It has a long shelf life (24 months) and can be stored for a long time.
         •  

         • Wide adaptability: The molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis can be customized to suit different industries and working conditions. It has strong adaptability to pH value and temperature (pH 2.0-12.0, temperature 5-60℃). It can be used not only for flocculation and clarification, but also for thickening and filter aiding, solving various problems in wastewater and sludge treatment as well as industrial production.
         • 
           

         • Environmental protection and safety: Non-toxic, no secondary pollution, low content of residual acrylamide monomers, in line with national environmental protection standards. It can be used for pretreatment of drinking water sources, with safe and environmentally friendly use, without polluting water bodies and soil.
         • 
           
         • • Versatility: It has multiple functions such as flocculation, sedimentation, thickening, filter aiding, and dispersion. It is suitable for various industries including water treatment, mining, petroleum, and papermaking, meeting diversified usage needs and improving product cost performance.
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