1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride 25952-53-8

  1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, abbreviated as EDC hydrochloride, has the molecular formula C8H17N3·HCl and a relative molecular mass of 191.70. It is a white crystalline powder, highly hygroscopic, with a water solubility >20g/100ml, soluble in ethanol, and a melting point of 110-114℃. In amide synthesis, it is used as an activator of carboxyl groups, and also for activating phosphate ester groups, cross-linking proteins and nucleic acids, and preparing immunoconjugates. The optimal pH range for use is 4.0-6.0. It is often used in conjunction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or N-hydroxythiosuccinimide to improve coupling efficiency. Commonly used condensing agents include three main types: dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI). The use of this type of condensing agent generally requires the addition of an acylation catalyst or activator, such as DMAP or HOBt. Because the acid-to-carbodiimide addition intermediate is unstable in the first stage of the reaction, if it is not converted to the corresponding active ester or active amide without an acylation catalyst, it will rearrange itself into the corresponding stable urea byproduct (Pathb). Condensation activators: Commonly used condensation activators include the following. Currently, 4-N,N-dimethylpyridine (DMAP) is widely used to catalyze various acylation reactions. Sometimes, when DMAP catalysis is ineffective, 4-PPY can be used; according to relevant literature, its catalytic ability is about a thousand times higher than that of DMAP. Among the three commonly used condensing agents, DCC and DIC are relatively inexpensive. DCC and DMAP are generally used together. A major drawback of DCC is that the other product, dicyclohexylurea, has very low solubility in most organic phases, though it is only slightly soluble. Therefore, it is difficult to completely remove it using common purification methods such as recrystallization and column chromatography. Since dicyclohexylurea has relatively lower solubility in diethyl ether than in other solvents, the general procedure for this type of reaction is to evaporate the reaction solvent, add diethyl ether, filter out most of the dicyclohexylurea, and then proceed with further processing. DIC, because the resulting diisopropylurea has good solubility in most organic solvents, is generally used more in solid-phase synthesis in combinatorial chemistry. Currently, EDCI is the most widely used in medicinal chemistry. A key characteristic is that the urea produced after the reaction is water-soluble and easily washed away. EDCI is generally used in combination with HOBt (note: HOBt is generally indispensable in this reaction; otherwise, the condensation yield may be too low). Sometimes, if the a-position of the acid is sterically hindered or has an electron-withdrawing group, the reaction may stop at the active ester step (this active ester has a strong mass spectrometric signal and can be detected by MS or LC-MS). EDCI, a white crystalline substance, can be used as a protein and nucleic acid cross-linking reagent and is a water-soluble carbodiimide condensing agent that enables rapid peptide condensation reactions. EDC (or EDAC) molecules have a linear structure and are used for the condensation reaction of carboxyl groups with primary amines, and have found wide applications.

1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, abbreviated as EDC hydrochloride, has the molecular formula C8H17N3·HCl and a relative molecular mass of 191.70. It is a white crystalline powder, highly hygroscopic, with a water solubility >20g/100ml, soluble in ethanol, and a melting point of 110-114℃. In amide synthesis, it is used as an activator of carboxyl groups, and also for activating phosphate ester groups, cross-linking proteins and nucleic acids, and preparing immunoconjugates. The optimal pH range for use is 4.0-6.0. It is often used in conjunction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or N-hydroxythiosuccinimide to improve coupling efficiency. Commonly used condensing agents include three main types: dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI). The use of this type of condensing agent generally requires the addition of an acylation catalyst or activator, such as DMAP or HOBt. Because the acid-to-carbodiimide addition intermediate is unstable in the first stage of the reaction, if it is not converted to the corresponding active ester or active amide without an acylation catalyst, it will rearrange itself into the corresponding stable urea byproduct (Pathb). Condensation activators: Commonly used condensation activators include the following. Currently, 4-N,N-dimethylpyridine (DMAP) is widely used to catalyze various acylation reactions. Sometimes, when DMAP catalysis is ineffective, 4-PPY can be used; according to relevant literature, its catalytic ability is about a thousand times higher than that of DMAP. Among the three commonly used condensing agents, DCC and DIC are relatively inexpensive. DCC and DMAP are generally used together. A major drawback of DCC is that the other product, dicyclohexylurea, has very low solubility in most organic phases, though it is only slightly soluble. Therefore, it is difficult to completely remove it using common purification methods such as recrystallization and column chromatography. Since dicyclohexylurea has relatively lower solubility in diethyl ether than in other solvents, the general procedure for this type of reaction is to evaporate the reaction solvent, add diethyl ether, filter out most of the dicyclohexylurea, and then proceed with further processing. DIC, because the resulting diisopropylurea has good solubility in most organic solvents, is generally used more in solid-phase synthesis in combinatorial chemistry. Currently, EDCI is the most widely used in medicinal chemistry. A key characteristic is that the urea produced after the reaction is water-soluble and easily washed away. EDCI is generally used in combination with HOBt (note: HOBt is generally indispensable in this reaction; otherwise, the condensation yield may be too low). Sometimes, if the a-position of the acid is sterically hindered or has an electron-withdrawing group, the reaction may stop at the active ester step (this active ester has a strong mass spectrometric signal and can be detected by MS or LC-MS). EDCI, a white crystalline substance, can be used as a protein and nucleic acid cross-linking reagent and is a water-soluble carbodiimide condensing agent that enables rapid peptide condensation reactions. EDC (or EDAC) molecules have a linear structure and are used for the condensation reaction of carboxyl groups with primary amines, and have found wide applications.

1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, abbreviated as EDC hydrochloride, has the molecular formula C8H17N3·HCl and a relative molecular mass of 191.70. It is a white crystalline powder, highly hygroscopic, with a water solubility >20g/100ml, soluble in ethanol, and a melting point of 110-114℃. In amide synthesis, it is used as an activator of carboxyl groups, and also for activating phosphate ester groups, cross-linking proteins and nucleic acids, and preparing immunoconjugates. The optimal pH range for use is 4.0-6.0. It is often used in conjunction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or N-hydroxythiosuccinimide to improve coupling efficiency. Commonly used condensing agents include three main types: dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI). The use of this type of condensing agent generally requires the addition of an acylation catalyst or activator, such as DMAP or HOBt. Because the acid-to-carbodiimide addition intermediate is unstable in the first stage of the reaction, if it is not converted to the corresponding active ester or active amide without an acylation catalyst, it will rearrange itself into the corresponding stable urea byproduct (Pathb). Condensation activators: Commonly used condensation activators include the following. Currently, 4-N,N-dimethylpyridine (DMAP) is widely used to catalyze various acylation reactions. Sometimes, when DMAP catalysis is ineffective, 4-PPY can be used; according to relevant literature, its catalytic ability is about a thousand times higher than that of DMAP. Among the three commonly used condensing agents, DCC and DIC are relatively inexpensive. DCC and DMAP are generally used together. A major drawback of DCC is that the other product, dicyclohexylurea, has very low solubility in most organic phases, though it is only slightly soluble. Therefore, it is difficult to completely remove it using common purification methods such as recrystallization and column chromatography. Since dicyclohexylurea has relatively lower solubility in diethyl ether than in other solvents, the general procedure for this type of reaction is to evaporate the reaction solvent, add diethyl ether, filter out most of the dicyclohexylurea, and then proceed with further processing. DIC, because the resulting diisopropylurea has good solubility in most organic solvents, is generally used more in solid-phase synthesis in combinatorial chemistry. Currently, EDCI is the most widely used in medicinal chemistry. A key characteristic is that the urea produced after the reaction is water-soluble and easily washed away. EDCI is generally used in combination with HOBt (note: HOBt is generally indispensable in this reaction; otherwise, the condensation yield may be too low). Sometimes, if the a-position of the acid is sterically hindered or has an electron-withdrawing group, the reaction may stop at the active ester step (this active ester has a strong mass spectrometric signal and can be detected by MS or LC-MS). EDCI, a white crystalline substance, can be used as a protein and nucleic acid cross-linking reagent and is a water-soluble carbodiimide condensing agent that enables rapid peptide condensation reactions. EDC (or EDAC) molecules have a linear structure and are used for the condensation reaction of carboxyl groups with primary amines, and have found wide applications.