γ-Aminobutyric acid

103.12

103.12

906818

200-258-6

2ACZ6IPC6I

757426|51295|45460|32044|27418

DTXSID6035106

C80523

29224995

63.3

-3.2

White to almost white Powder

1.2300 (estimate)

203 °C (decomp)

248ºC at 760 mmHg

103.8ºC

1.465

H2O: soluble

Store at RT.

2

36/37/38-20/21/22

26-36

ES6300000

Xi,Xn

Irritant

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

H315

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 368 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

In controlled clinical trials, addition of vigabatrin to standard anticonvulsant therapy was reported to cause an immediate and marked decrease in serum enzyme levels that could be reproduced by simply mixing vigabatrin with plasma. In some instances, markedly raised serum ALT levels were found to rapidly fall into the normal range with treatment. Vigabatrin inhibits GABA transaminase and is thus suspected of also being an inhibitor of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, accounting for its unusual effects on liver associated enzymes. In prelicensure clinical trials, there were no reports of serum enzyme elevations during treatment and no instances of clinically apparent liver injury. After its general availability, however, there have been isolated case reports of severe liver injury and hepatitis associated with vigabatrin use. The onset of injury was 3 to 10 months after starting vigabatrin and was largely hepatocellular. One case resulted in rapid death from liver failure and a second worsened despite stopping and ultimately required a course of immunosuppression with prednisone and azathioprine (Case 1). Thus, clinically apparent liver injury from vigabatrin may occur and can be severe, but is rare.|Filgrastim and sargramostim have not been linked to instances of significant serum enzyme elevations during therapy and have not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent liver injury. In multiple large prelicensure studies, acute liver injury was not mentioned as an adverse event and serum aminotransferase elevations were elevated in a similar or lower proportion of patients receiving these growth factors than in placebo or comparator arms. G-CSF and GM-CSF are often given to critically ill patients receiving high doses of chemotherapy in whom serum enzyme elevations are common, but which usually can be attributed to the chemotherapy itself or the underlying malignancy. In addition, serum alkaline phosphatase elevations during filgrastim and sargramostim therapy may be from a bone source rather than the liver, in that both agents stimulate the bone marrow and not infrequently cause bone pain. In children, colony stimulating factors can cause hepatomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis. However, since licensure and wide scale use, there have been no published reports of idiosyncratic acute liver injury attributed to filgrastim, pegfilgrastim or sargramostim.

Vigabatrin is a GABA derivative that is used in combination with other agents as therapy of refractory complex partial seizures and as monotherapy for infantile spasms. Vigabatrin is associated with a paradoxical decrease in serum enzyme levels during therapy, explained by its direct inhibition of aminotransferase activity. Vigabatrin has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury, but was linked to a fatal case of Reye syndrome in a child with severe developmental delay.|Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are glycosylated polypeptides that induce an increase in the proliferation and maturation of white blood cells including neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages. Recombinant forms of these colony stimulating factors are used to treat severe neutropenia in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. Recombinant forms include filgrastim (G-CSF) and sargramostim (GM-CSF), both of which are commercially available for therapy of severe neutropenia and bone marrow failure. Neither filgrastim nor sargramostim have been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury.

Anticonvulsants|Hematologic Growth Factors

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. GABAergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. (See all compounds classified as GABA Agents.)

4 Aminobutanoic Acid

Butanoic acid, 4-amino-: ACTIVE

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01] -> Amino fatty acids [FA0110]|Cosmetics -> Hair conditioning

Flavoring Agents