Ammonium bicarbonate

79.05530

79.02690

233-786-0

45JP4345C9

1333

3077

DTXSID5035618

Colorless or white crystals|Shiny, hard, colorless or white prisms or crystalline mass

2836994000

60.77000

0.5463

White crystalline powder

1.586 g/cm³

107 °C (decomp)

169.8ºC

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.423, 1.536, 1.555

H2O: 220 g/L (20 ºC)

Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying

2.58E-05mmHg at 25°C

2.7 (vs air)

Faint odor of ammonia

About 8,0 (5 % solution)

Dissociation constant (Kd): 1.45

Comparatively stable at room temperature. Volatile with decomposition at about 60 °C. The white fumes given off consist of NH3 21.5%, CO2 55.7%, H2O vapor 22.8%. Rate of decomposition increases as temperature rises. Negative heat of solution.|May attack copper, nickel and zinc.|Heat of solution: 26.4 kJ at 288.2 K

Soluble in water.

Salts, Basic

Decomposes at Elevated Temperatures (

AMMONIUM BICARBONATE decomposes when heated above 36°C, releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide gases; it can also be decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide by strong acids and strong bases [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 141].

6.1

UN 9081

1

R36/37/38

S22

BO8600000

Xi

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and acids. Cool.

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, alkali metals.

P301 + P312 + P330

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|May be buried in a chemical waste landfill. If neutralized ammonium bicarbonate is amendable to treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Ammonium bicarbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset for Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (1066-33-7) 26 p.(2000) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of February 24, 2011: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and toxic ammonia gas may form in fires. Behavior in Fire: Decomposes, but reaction is not explosive. Ammonia gas is formed. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 488 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Work gloves; dust respirator; chemical safety goggles, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

Ammonium bicarbonate may burn, but does not readily ignite.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty).|Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide; water spray; or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including ammonia gas and nitrogen oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid.|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Spill handling: evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release.|Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BICARBONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Personal protection: filter respirator for ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives in conjunction with particulate filter adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and acids. Cool.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

LD50 Mouse iv 245 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Seventy one toxicity tests were carried out on rainbow trout ranging in size from sac fry (<0.1g) to 4 year old adults (2.6 kg), in water of uniform chemical composition. Fish susceptibility to NH3 decreased with increasing weight over the range 0.06-2.0 g, but gradually increased above that weight range. LC50 values for 12- and 35-day exposures did not differ greatly from 96-hour values of 0.16-1.1 mg/L. No statisticaly significant differences in results were observed when different ammonium salts (NH4Cl, NH4HCO3, (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4) were used.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute ammonia toxicity in rainbow trout was studied by intraarterial injection of ammonium chloride & ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate incr arterial blood pH, & ammonium chloride decr arterial blood pH, but the same dose of each was required to kill.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of /ammonium bicarbonate/ on the early stages of development of Atlantic salmon were studied. The first set of studies, at 13 °C, lasted 53 days and was carried out within the range 0.001 to >6.6 mg NH3/L beginning with the "formed embryo" stage. Accelerated hatching was observed with increasing ammonium carbonate concentrations, but concentrations >0.16 mg NH3/L were lethal for emerging larvae within 12-36 hours. Growth inhibition was observed at 0.07 mg NH3/L. Tissue changes were observed in eyes, brain, fins, and blood of embryos and larvae exposed to concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 6.6 mg NH3/L with more marked changes at higher ammonia concentrations. Reaction to light and mechanical stimulation gradually disappeared with increased ammonia concentration, and the heart rate slowed. Morphological differences in development between experimental and control larvae were observed since 10th day of exposure. At concentrations up to 0.07 mg NH3/L, no significant morphological differences were observed.|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The effect of endogenous ammonia produced in dead fish or ammonia in ammonium bicarbonate solutions was evaluated on the viability of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae. Viability was determined by worm recovery in rats infected with metacercariae exposed to ammonia in decaying fish or in vitro solutions. The recovery rates were 58%, 48%, 44% and 2% in fish that had been allowed to decay for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days at 4 degrees C, respectively, and this rate ( Y) was inversely correlated with the ammonia concentration ( X) in fish muscle extract ( Y=80.62-0.0667 X, r(2)=0.905, P=0.049). C. sinensis metacercariae barely survived in ammonia solutions with concentrations exceeding 1 g N/L.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium bicarbonate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 38,228 workers (22,886 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ammonium bicarbonate in the US(1).

Antacid & stimulant. Dose 0.3-1 g. /Ammonium bicarbonate BP/|Medication (Vet): Expectorant, used in bloat, colic.|Expectorant

There appears to be a more rapid excretion of ammonia following ammonium bicarbonate infusions, which result in higher unionized ammonia levels in blood compared, with those following ammonium chloride infusions.

Ammonium bicarbonate dissociated into free ammonia at level of cell membrane.

Ammonium bicarbonate inhibits fungi because the bicarbonate anion supplies the alkalinity necessary to establish an antifungal concentration of free ammonia.

Ammonium carbonate

Inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Ingestion could be harmful. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

Consult physician in case of ingestion or severe irritation. INHALATION: move to uncontaminated atmosphere. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. INGESTION: if conscious, give water and induce vomiting. SKIN: Wash with large amounts of soap and water. EYES: wash with large amounts of water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ammonia and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Large doses of ammonium bicarbonate can produce nausea and vomiting.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Worker exposure. Ingestion may cause adverse effects. Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of respiratory tract. Eye and skin contact may cause irritation.

ammonium bicarbonate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Olive Fly Attact and Kill (A&K) Target Device for Commercial Olives (Suterra LLC) 12.7% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 0.16% 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5] undecane, 0.05% lambda-Cyhalothrin|Olive Fly Attact and Kill (A&K) Target Device for Ornamental Olives (Suterra LLC) 12.7% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 0.16% 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5] undecane, 0.05% lambda-Cyhalothrin|Lurex-Cubed (Woodstream Corp.) 74.63% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 35.4% L-Lactic acid|AMMONIUM CARBONATE NF: CARBONIC ACID, MONOAMMONIUM SALT, MIXTURE WITH AMMONIUM CARBAMATE ... .|Grades: technical, CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/, FCC /Food Chemicals CODEX/.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Carbonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Solutions of ammonium bicarbonate were highly effective attractants for the Queensland fruit fly, provided they were tested in traps in which the retention of the flies did not depend on their contacting the bait solution.|Incompatibilities: pharmaceutical incompatibilities /include/ acids, caustic alkalies.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Specialized Industrial Chemicals|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives|Food Additives -> RAISING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Buffering

Food Additives -> RAISING_AGENT;