Ferrous citrate

545.7344

245.946289

245-625-1

132.13000

-1.25100

decomposes under H2 at 350℃ [CRC10]

insoluble H2O, alcohol, acetone

Combustible, the fire emits spicy and irritating smoke containing iron oxide

Very stable to air oxidation. If water is removed by vacuum desiccation, the dehydrated ferrous salt rapidly oxidizes to a ferric salt. ...Very slightly colored powder or white crystals /Decahydrate/|Reddish-brown scales /Decahydrate/|Powder. Practically insoluble in water, alcohol, acetone. /Monohydrate/|Sugar, glycerin, & many organic hydroxy acids hinder precipitation. In neutral solution, soluble carbonates, phosphates, & oxalates produce precipitation. /Ferrous salts/

Warehouse low temperature, ventilated, dry

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies discontinued drug products, incl ferrous citrate, Fe-59. /Ferrous Citrate, Fe-59/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/

If inhaled, iron is a local irritant to the lung and gastrointestinal tract. /Iron compounds/

To investigate the effects of sodium ferricitrate complex (sodium ferrous citrate) on the relative bioavailability of ciprofloxacin taken alone or with ascorbic acid, 3 healthy volunteers first received a single oral dose of 600 mg of ciprofloxacin alone or with 100 mg of oral sodium ferricitrate complex, and then 2 healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 600 mg of ciprofloxacin alone, with 100 mg of oral sodium ferricitrate complex alone, or with sodium ferricitrate complex and 1500 mg of oral ascorbic acid; blood samples were taken frequently and analyzed for pharmacokinetic parameters. Cmax and area under the serum concentration-time curve decreased significantly with coadministration of sodium ferricitrate complex. Relative bioavailability was 33.1%. In the second study, area under the curve for both volunteers was improved with concomitant administration of ascorbic acid. However, the bioavailability did not significantly change.|The effect of a common baby food, strained pears, on the absorption of Fe from human milk was measured. Five adult subjects were initially fed 1 dL of human milk that contained added ferrous citrate 59Fe; the same subjects were later fed human milk and one jar of baby food. Incorporation of 59Fe into red blood cells averaged approximately 1/4 of the administered Fe from the human milk. When the milk was combined with the baby food, incorporation was significantly decreased. The addition of a supplemental food to the diet of the breast-fed infant impairs the bioavailability of the Fe from human milk.|/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ ...Intranigral infusion of lower dose manganese (4.2 nmol) in the present study did not significantly alter dopamine levels in rat striatum. Moreover, manganese completely suppressed both acute lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra and chronic degeneration of the nigrostriatal neurons induced by intranigral infusion of ferrous citrate (4.2 nmol).

...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/

Hematinic|The in vitro and in vivo availability of iron from total parenteral nutrition solutions to which ferrous citrate has been added was investigated. In vitro experiments showed that 74% of the added iron was available to transferrin. In 7 patients in whom in vivo availability was tested by red cell incorporation, the mean availability was 81%. It was concluded that ferrous citrate is a safe and effective means of iron supplementation in patients on TPN therapy.

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Trace Elements.)

Gastrointestinal absorption of iron is adequate ... /yet/ ... lower from ferrous citrate ... /than ferrous sulfate, fumarate, gluconate, succinate, glutamate, and lactate/.|This study demonstrated that anticholinergic agents decreased iron absorption in man and animals. Six normal males were given 10 Ci of 59Fe ferrous citrate dissolved in water containing 250 mg of ferrous sulfate after an overnight fast. Whole body counts were done 4 hours later and used as baseline studies. Sixty minutes before the administration of radioiron, the subjects received a dose of 62.5 mg of hexocyclium methosulfate (Tral). The dose was repeated 6 hours later. Four hours after ingestion of radioiron, whole body counting was done. Every 5 days thereafter, for 15 days, a plateau of body radioactivity was reached in all subjects. Percentage absorption was calculated from the final to initial counts, after correction. Similar experiments were done in rats with atropine sulfate. In both experiments, the anticholinergic agent produced a decrease in iron absorption. The effect of atropine persisted when the iron was delivered intragastrically, but not intraduodenally. Another set of experiments showed that iron absorption decreases when radioiron is intraduodenally given in deproteinized acid gastric juice, or in 0.1N HCl, but not when mixed with neutralized gastric juice.|The uptake of ferrous citrate 59Fe was studied in pregnant rats with or without a 4-dimethylamino-stilben(DS)-induced sarcoma tumor. ... The embryo showed higher concentrations of 59Fe. ... Iron loading only affected the embryo liver. Tumors and the placenta showed a different incorporation of 59Fe.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Iron and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and related compounds/|Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.|Activated charcoal is not effective. Ipecac is not recommended, because it can aggravate iron-induced gastrointestinal irritation and interfere with whole bowel irrigation. Consider gastric lavage if product was a liquid formulation or tablets were chewed. Do-not use phosphate-containing solutions for lavage; these may result in life-threatening hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Bicarbonate and deferoxamine lavage are of doubtful efficacy. Deferoxamine lavage is not effective and may enhance iron absorption. Whole-bowel irrigation is very effective for ingested tablets and may be considered first-line treatment, especially if large numbers of tablets are visible on plain abdominal x-ray. Massive ingestions may lead to concretions or bezoars. Repeated or prolonged whole-bowel irrigation may remove tablets. Endoscopy or surgical gastrotomy is rarely required.|Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective for removing iron but may be necessary to remove iron-deferoxamine complex in patients with renal failure. Exchange transfusion is occasionally used for massive pediatric ingestions but is of questionable efficacy.

citric acid, iron(2+) salt

Several forms of this salt are known.