Thorium nitrate

480.06

479.98900

237-514-1

IF944P467K

2976

DTXSID4065656

WHITE SOLID|White, crystalline mass

275.52000

1.13640

white solid

101 °C

83ºC at 760 mmHg

White, crystals; very sol in water and alcohol; deliquescent /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|SOL IN WATER|Sol in alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters|Sol in water, alc.

PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. STORE IN COOL, DRY PLACE. SEPARATE FROM COMBUSTIBLE, ORGANIC OR OTHER READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS. AVOID STORAGE ON WOOD FLOORS. IMMEDIATELY REMOVE AND DISPOSE OF ANY SPILLED NITRATE.|KEEP WELL CLOSED. /THORIUM NITRATE TETRAHYDRATE/|During transport: Storage temperature: ambient; Venting: open; Stability: stable /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/

Oral-Mouse LD50: 1760 mg/kg

Combustible in case of organic matter and combustibles; pyrolysis

Forms a weak soln of nitric acid; soln in water are acidic and can corrode metals /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|Specific gravity (estimated): Greater than 1 at 20 °C (solid) /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|Strong oxidizing agent /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|Colorless leaflets, deliquescent; decomposes at melting point; very sol in cold water, alcohol, sol in acid /Thorium nitrate dodecahydrate/

7

2915

8-22-33-36/37/38-51/53

36/37/39-45-61

XO6825000

O,Xn,R,N

The warehouse is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from flammables, combustibles, and dangerous goods

Stable. Deliquescent. Weakly radioactive (radioactivity 3300 Bq/g). Incompatible with reducing agents.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Disposal of ... wastes /containing uranium/ should follow guidelines set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission & the EPA. /Uranium & cmpd/

In contact with easily oxidizable substances it may react rapidly enough to cause ignition, violent combustion or explosion.|... EXPLOSION RISK IN CONTACT WITH ORGANIC MATERIALS. /THORIUM NITRATE TETRAHYDRATE/

Bottled water shall, when a composite of analytical units of equal volume from a sample is examined by the methods described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, meet the standards of chemical quality and shall not contain nitrate (as N) in excess of 10 mg/l. /Nitrate (as N)/

Sridhar TS; Fuel Reprocess Waste Mgt 1: 371-85 (1984)

|Warning|H272 (67.19%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 66 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

OXIDIZING MATERIAL. ... INCREASES THE FLAMMABILITY OF ANY COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Contact the local, state or Department of Energy Radiological Response Team. Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|USE FLOODING AMT OF WATER IN EARLY STAGES OF FIRE. WHEN LARGE QUANTITIES ARE INVOLVED IN FIRE, NITRATE MAY FUSE, OR MELT, IN WHICH CONDITION APPLICATION OF WATER MAY RESULT IN EXTENSIVE SCATTERING OF MOLTEN MATERIAL.|In fire conditions wear self contained breathing apparatus.|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of one half (1/2) mile radius. Keep unnecessary people out of incident area until area declared safe by Radiological Response Team.

If material not on fire & not involved in fire: Contact the local, state, or Department of Energy Radiological Response Team. Keep sparks, flames, & other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources & sewers.|Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts, & fumes from burning material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap & water.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

/GUIDE 162: RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (LOW TO MODERATE LEVEL RADIATION)/ Health: Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases. Undamaged packages are safe. Contents of damaged packages may cause higher external radiation exposure, or both external and internal radiation exposure if contents are released. Low radiation hazard when material is inside container. If material is released from package or bulk container, hazard will vary from low to moderate. Level of hazard will depend on the type and amount of radioactivity, the kind of material it is in, and/or the surfaces it is on. Some material may be released from packages during accidents of moderate severity but risks to people are not great. Released radioactive materials or contaminated objects usually will be visible if packaging fails. Some exclusive use shipments of bulk and packaged materials will not have "RADIOACTIVE" labels. Placards, markings and shipping papers provide identification. Some packages may have a "RADIOACTIVE" label and a second hazard label. The second hazard is usually greater than the radiation hazard; so follow this GUIDE as well as the response GUIDE for the second hazard class label. Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available instruments. Runoff from control of cargo fire may cause low-level pollution. /Thorium nitrate, solid/|/GUIDE 162: RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (LOW TO MODERATE LEVEL RADIATION)/ Fire or Explosion: Some of these materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily. Uranium and Thorium metal cuttings may ignite spontaneously if exposed to air ... . Nitrates are oxidizers and may ignite other combustibles ... . /Thorium nitrate, solid/|/GUIDE 162: RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (LOW TO MODERATE LEVEL RADIATION)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels. Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority. /Thorium nitrate, solid/|/GUIDE 162: RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (LOW TO MODERATE LEVEL RADIATION)/ Protective Clothing: Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection. /Thorium nitrate, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for THORIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. ... Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes. /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/

Radionuclides has been designated as a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. /Radionuclides/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 curie or 3.7x10+12 becquerel. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /(226)Thorium/|Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 curie or 3.7x10+10 becquerel. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /(227)Thorium/|Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 0.01 curie or 3.7x10+8 becquerel. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /(228)Thorium/|Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 0.001 curie or 3.7x10+7 becquerel. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /(229)Thorium/|For more CERCLA Reportable Quantities (Complete) data for THORIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

moderately toxic

LD50 Rat intravenous 47.6 mg/kg /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|LD100 Rabbit intravenous 57 mg/kg /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|LD50 Rat intratracheal 88 mg/kg /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|LD50 Rat intraperitoneal 68 mg/kg /Thorium nitrate tetrahydrate/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for THORIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Rainbow trout were exposed to thorium (as the nitrate salt) added to water taken from the Columbia River./ Due to its rate of hydrolysis, thorium transfer ... /was/ low & does not exhibit a marked tendency to accumulate in biological tissue.

Workers in plants where ... thorium nitrate is used in the manufacture of gas mantles, have not experienced effects attributable to chemical toxicity or radiation injury.

... Less than 0.001% is absorbed /from the gastrointestinal tract/ at doses of 500 to 800 mg/kg thorium nitrate and 0.05% at doses of 5 mg/kg.|... Thorium (as the nitrate) binds strongly to the (bovine) cortical bone glucoprotein, sialoprotein, which has a high density distribution of carboxylic acid groups along the protein chain; 42% of the amino acids in bone sialoprotein are either aspartic or glutamic acids, and are mainly responsible for binding of highly charged thorium ions.|Analytical microscopy was used to study the distribution and chemical composition of thorium deposits in bone marrow and liver after injection of thorium dioxide and thorium nitrate. Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) was identified as being localized in bone marow macrophages of a patient who had undergone cerebral arteriography forty two years ago. Large thorotrast deposits were also present in liver cells. Non-colloidal thorium (thorium nitrate) injected in rats concentrated in a non-soluble form in bone marrow macrophages, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These deposits of thorium associated with phosphorus can be explained by the formation of thorium phosphate in lysosomes that remain in tissue for a long time.

The effective half-life of inhaled thorium-227 nitrate (radioactive half-life of 18.7 days and biological half-life of about 20 days) in the lungs of rats was found to be about 10 days.

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, Nitrites, and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

thorium nitrate

Grades: technical; CP /Tetrahydrate/|Commercial form obtained as tetrahydrate ...

The National Defense Authorization Act enacted on November 18, 1997 did not change the previous authorization for the disposal of all stocks of thorium nitrate in excess of the National Defense Stockpile goal of 272,155 kg (600,000 lbs).|Government stocks of thorium nitrate in the National Defense Stockpile were 3,216,828 kg (7,091,891 lbs) on December 31, 1998.