Antimony trichloride

228.11

225.810379

233-047-2

1224

1733

DTXSID4044161

Colorless orthorhombic crystals|Orhtorhombic, deliquescent needles from carbon disulfide or by sublimation at 100 °C|Colorless, transparent crystalline mass|Yellow semi-solid mass

0

2.06850

colorless, white semi-transparent crystals

3.14 g/cm³

73.4 °C

223.5 °C

223.5°C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25°C: 10

2-8ºC

Vapour pressure, Pa at 49°C: 133

7.9 (vs air)

Electrolysis of acid sulfides and stirred Sb halide yields explosive Sb. /Sb halide/

Acrid pugent odor|Sharp, unpleasant

BP: 223.5 °C; 143.5 °C at 70 mm Hg; 102 °C at 11 mm Hg. Fumes in air. Density: 3.14 at 20 °C/4 °C|Cryoscopic constant: 18.4; heat of fusion at 73.2 °C: -13.29 cal/g; specific heat at 33 °C: 0.110 cal/g/deg C; dipole moment: 3.12 at 25 °C in carbon disulfide; saturated solution in carbon tetrachloride is approximately 1.1 molar; gradual hydrolysis /in water/ to antimony(III)oxychloride (SbOCl).|At 73.34 °C fuses to yelllow oily liquid; produces colorless vapor at 223 °C|Dielectric constant 5.34|Hygroscopic|Very hygroscopic. Fumes slightly in air. ... With water forms antimony oxychloride|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fumes in air to form hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Decomposed by water to form hydrochloric acid and antimony oxychloride. The dry powdered oxide ignites on heating in air [Mellor Vol. 9 425.1939].

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Water-Reactive

ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE is a strong oxidizing agent, and it is slowly hydrolyzed to generate hydrochloric acid and antimony oxides.

Corrodes most metals in presence of moisture

45.19 kJ/mol at 220.3 °C

Critical temperature: 794 K; critical pressure: 4.8200X10+6 Pa

II

8

UN 1733 8/PG 2

2

R34;R51/53

S26-S45-S61-S36/37/39-S36

CC4900000

C:Corrosive

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

Stable. Hygroscopic. Reacts violently with water. Incompatible with metals.

P273-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H314-H411

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Dissolve in minimum hydrochloric acid percent concentrated reagent. Filter if necessary. Dilute with water until white precipitates form. ... Add just enough 6 M HCl to redissolve. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. Filter, wash the precipitate, dry, package, and ship to the supplier.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Corrosive by vigorous reaction with moisture, generating heat and hydrogen chloride gas ...|Powdered aluminum burns in vapor of ... antimony trichloride.|Mixtures of potassium and ... the metallic halide antimony trichloride produces strong explosion on impact.|A mixture of sodium and ... the metallic halide antimony trichloride produces a strong explosion on impact.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating antimony oxide and hydrogen chloride may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Corrosives, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 259 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P405, and P501|Warning|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P309+P311, P330, P405, and P501|H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, P391, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

Note: The respiratory system is the chief avenue of entrance of antimony and its compounds into the body. Bu. Mines approved respirator; chemical safety goggles; face shield; leather or rubber safety shoes; rubber apron; rubber gloves (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. For UN1796, UN1826, UN2031 at high concentrations and for UN2032, these may act as oxidizers, also consult GUIDE 140. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. /Antimony trichloride; Antimony trichloride, liquid; Antimony trichloride, solid/|/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Antimony trichloride; Antimony trichloride, liquid; Antimony trichloride, solid/|/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Antimony trichloride; Antimony trichloride, liquid; Antimony trichloride, solid/|/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Antimony trichloride; Antimony trichloride, liquid; Antimony trichloride, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Antimony trichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Antimony trichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Acute respiratory exposure to antimony trichloride (76 mg/cu m) produced irritation ... of the upper respiratory tract ... .|Inhalation of small amounts may cause only irritation of the nose, throat, and air passages; large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. ... Contact with eyes causes ... severe eye irritation.|... Antimony trichloride is irritating and caustic to the skin, and its fumes are strongly irritating to the eyes, face and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hour Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Antimony and compounds (as Sb)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-Weighted avg 0.5 mg/cu m. /Antimony/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the cardiovascular system.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Antimony compounds are included on this list. /Antimony Componds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Antimony trichloride (SbCl3) is a colorless, a yellow solid, or a semi-solid mass. Antimony trichloride is used in matches, as a catalyst or as a component of catalysts to effect polymerization of hydrocarbons and to chlorinate olefins. It is also used in hydrocracking of coal and heavy hydrocarbons, as an analytical reagent for chloral, aromatic hydrocarbons and vitamin A, and in the microscopic identification of drugs. Liquid SbCl3 is used as a nonaqueous solvent. It is used as a veterinary medication. HUMAN STUDIES: Severe burns of cornea caused by exposure to high concentration of vapor, and destruction of cornea and conjunctiva has resulted from contact with solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid. Acute respiratory exposure to antimony trichloride (76 mg/cu m) produced irritation and soreness of the upper respiratory tract in several workers. Large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting, purging with bloody stools, slow pulse, and low blood pressure, slow, shallow breathing, coma, and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Contact of dry chemical with skin may result in deep chemical burns. Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation was not found in human cells immediately following a 4-hr SbCl3 treatment, however, an increase in calcium accumulation appeared after treatment. Treatment with antimony trichloride caused autophagy in A549 cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats given orally 135 mg/kg for 10 days toxic symptoms included myocardial degeneration from which two rats died during treatment. Treatment of mice ip with 40 mg/kg of antimony trioxide daily for 28 days led to liver damage. Prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to antimony trichloride interfered with vasomotor reactivity development in rats. DNA fragmentation was detected in CHO-K1 cells after a 4-hr SbCl3 treatment. In mice, chromosomal aberrations were principally breaks and damaged cells observed from bone marrow preparations.

LD50 Mice ip 13 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 525 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pigs oral 574 mg/kg

(VET): Escharotic, dehorning agent (calves, goats).|(VET): Formerly used as a dressing for foot-rot in dogs.|(VET): Formerly used as a caustic in the treatment of cancer of the foot in the horse and of footrot in sheep.|(Vet): antimony trichloride is a constituent of certain dehorning prepn such as collodion of antimony trichloride.

In rats exposed to antimony trichloride by inhalation, a large proportion of the body burden of antimony was recovered in blood. A couple of weeks after exposure about 10% of the body burden of antimony was found in blood, and this was a higher proportion than in any other organ. ... Rabbits and dogs intratracheally exposed to antimony trichloride had less than 1% of the blood antimony concentrations found in rats.|Inhalation exposure of rats to trivalent (124)antimony chloride showed atypical, rapid loss from lung with somewhat longer biologic half-life (100 days) in that organ after dAY 20. ... Primary sites of antimony deposition other than lung ... /were/ whole blood, spleen, heart, and other highly vascularized organs.

Inhalation exposure of rats to trivalent (124)antimony chloride showed atypical, rapid loss from lung with somewhat longer biologic half-life (100 days) in that organ after Day 20.

Inhalation of small amounts may cause only irritation of the nose, throat and air passages; large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting, purging with bloody stools, slow pulse and low blood pressure; slow, shallow breathing; coma and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Contact with eyes causes severe eye burns or at least severe eye irritation. Contact of dry chemical with skin may result in deep chemical burns. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move victim at once to fresh air and keep him warm, but not hot; call a physician immediately; nasal passages may be irrigated from a gently flowing hose. INGESTION: induce vomiting by giving large quantities of warm salt water; have a physician see the patient at once. EYES: flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 min.; call a physician at once. SKIN: flush with large quantities of flowing water followed by washing of skin surfaces with soap and water; remove all contaminated clothing promptly. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/|Call for medical aid. ... If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. ... Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water. If in eyes, hold eyelids open, and flush with plenty of water. If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. If swallowed and victim is unconscious or having convulsions, do nothing except keep victim warm.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute respiratory exposure to antimony trichloride (76 mg/cu m) produced irritation and soreness of the upper respiratory tract in several workers.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe burns of cornea are said to have been caused by exposure to high concn of vapor, and destruction of cornea and conjunctiva has resulted from contact with soln of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of small amounts may cause only irritation of the nose, throat, and air passages; large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting, purging with bloody stools, slow pulse, and low blood pressure; slow, shallow breathing; coma, and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Contact with eyes causes severe eye burns or at least severe eye irritation. Contact of dry chemical with skin may result in deep chemical burns.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Occupational exposures are usually by inhalation of dust containing ... antimony trichloride ... . Effects may be acute, particularly from ... trichloride exposures, producing a rhinitis and even acute pulmonary edema.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

antimony trichloride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Abdominal pain.

Pain. Redness. Serious skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Grade: Technical, CP.

Stibine, trichloro-: ACTIVE|Antimony can be trivalent or pentavalent in compounds. Both exist in antimony(IV) oxide, Sb2O4, and presumably in the deep violet haloantimonates (IV), such as Cs2(SbCl6). The pentavalent compounds, as well as most of the trivalent ones, are hydrolyzed by water to form antimony salts, e.g., SbOCl, and hydrated oxides. The only halides of antimony that have any industrial significance are the chlorides and fluorides. /Antimony compounds/

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Reactive - 1st degree