Ethalfluralin

333.26

333.26

259-564-3

51DKA727XQ

DTXSID8032386

Yellow crystalline solid

29214300

94.9

5.11

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

56 °C

Decomposes at 256 deg C

176.7±27.9 °C

1.537

In water, 0.3 mg/L at 25 deg C

0-6°C

8.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 deg C

LD50 in mice, rats (g/kg): >10 orally; LC50 in bluegill sunfish, rainbow trout, goldfish (ppb): 22, 37, 260 (Day)

Faint amine odor

Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-4 atm cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

UN 3077

50/53

60-61

XU6200000

N

P273

H332-H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. Metal Drum Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities. Fiber Drum Disposal: Completely empty fiber drum by shaking and tapping sides and bottom to loosen clinging particles. Empty residue into manufacturing equipment Crush or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill or by incineration if allowed by state and local authorities. /Technical ethafluralin/|This product is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA. /Technical ethafluralin/

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Ethafluralin EPA-738-R-95-001 (March 1995). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of June 14, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

|Warning|H315 (55.45%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 101 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

/Agricultural Use/ Applicators and other handlers must wear: Coveralls worn over long-sleeved shirt and long pants; Chemical-resistant gloves such as Barrier Laminate or Viton; Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks; Protective eyewear; Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure; Chemical-resistant apron when cleaning equipment, mixing, or loading /Sonalan HFP/|/Agricultural Use/ Engineering Controls: When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides, 40 CFR 170.240(d)(4-6), the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as specified in the WPS. /Sonalan HFP/|Agricultural Use Requirements. Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. ... The requirements in this /entry/ only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standard. Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 24 hours. Exception: If the product is soil-injected or soil-incorporated, the Worker Protection Standard, under certain circumstances, allows workers to enter the treated area if there will be no contact with anything that has been treated. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is: Coveralls over short-sleeved shirt and short pants Chemical-resistant gloves such as Barrier Laminate or Viton Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks Protective eyewear Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure. /Sonalan HFP/|Wear protective eyewear (goggles or face shield) and protective clothing such as coveralls, a long- sleeved shirt and Impermeable gloves when handling this product. /Technical ethafluralin/|Chemical-resistant gloves. Coveralls over long sleeved shirt and long pants.

For several good reasons, all of the herbicides mentioned in this chapter /including ethafluralin/ should be handled and applied only with full attention to safety measures that minimize personal contact. Many formulations contain adjuvants (stabilizers, penetrants, surfactants) that may have significant irritating and toxic effects. A number of premixed formulations contain two or more active ingredients; the companion pesticides may be more toxic than the principal herbicide. Good hygienic practice should not be disregarded just because a pesticide is reported to have a high LD50 in laboratory rodents.|Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash clothing before reuse. This material will cause intense staining. /Technical ethafluralin/|Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Sonalan HFP/|User Safety Recommendations. Users should: Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Sonalan HFP/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ETHALFLURALIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Causes substantial but temporaiy eye irritation and skin irritation. Harmful if inhaled. /Technical ethalfuralin/

Ethalfluralin was detected in 10% of the air samples collected along the Mississippi River from New Orleans, LA to St. Paul, MN at a maximum concn of 0.19 ng/cu m(1).

LD50 Rabbit oral > 5000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral > 5000 mg/kg

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Technical ethalfluralin (94.5%) is considered to be practically nontoxic to bobwhite quail with an acute oral LD50 greater than 2,000 ppm. On a subacute dietary basis, ethalfluralin (94.5%) is considered to be practically nontoxic to bobwhite quail and mallard ducks with dietary LC 's of greater than 5,000 ppm. In two avian reproduction studies, there were no adverse effects at 1,000 ppm, the highest dietary intake tested, from ethalfluralin (93.5%) in the bobwhite quail or the mallard duck. A Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) could not be determined.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The formulated product of ethalfluralin (36.5%) is considered to be highly toxic to bluegill sunfish with a product LC50 of 210 ppb. An acute toxicity sediment study was submitted, because ethalfluralin persists in soils and is very highly toxic to fish. Ethalfluralin (29.9%) was mixed in soil at 1, 10, and 100 ppm; 15-g and 50-g soil samples from each concentration were added to separate 15-L water chambers in which 20 bluegill sunfish (2 replicates of 10 fish each) were exposed. Fifteen grams of soil in 15 liters of water was used to represent an amount that could conceivably erode from a treated field; 50 g in 15 l of water provided a limit of turbidity that still permitted observations of the test fish. The concentration of ethalfluralin in the water was measured when fish were added to the chambers and after 96 hours. ... These data indicate that ethalfluralin released from soil sediments can be lethal to sunfish (0-55% mortality) when concentrations in the aqueous phase reach approximately between 17 and 58 ppb. A Fish Early Life Cyle Toxicity /test was conducted in Rainbow trout using 95.6% a.i./ The NOEL = 0.4 ug/L, the LOEL = 1.4ug/L, and the Maximum Allowable Toxic Concentration = 0.7 ug/L. The most sensitive parameters affected in trout were larval length and weight.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Technical ethalfluralin (94%) is considered to be very highly toxic to Daphnia magna with an EC of 60 ppb. The formulated product with ethalfluralin (36.5%) is considered to be slightly toxic to Daphnia magna with a product EC of 18.1 ppm. In a chronic toxicity study of Daphnids reproduction was the most sensitive parameter affected.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity testing with marine/estuarine organisms is required for ethalfluralin because of the soybean use pattern. The acute toxicity studies for marine/estuarine organisms are summarized /as follows/: Sheeps-head, technical product with 95.46 a.i, LC50 = 240 ppb. Highly toxic. Eastern oyster, technical products with 95.46 and 95.93% a.i., LC50 100 and 170 ppb, respectively. Highly toxic. Mysid shrimp, technical product with 95.46% a.i., LC50 230 ppb. Highly toxic.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHALFLURALIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ethalfluralin's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a selective herbicide for the preemergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 4100-8400 measured in 4 soils(2), indicate that ethalfluralin is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethalfluralin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 8.8X10-5 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 0.3 mg/L(3); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(3). The volatility of ethalfluralin was studied following the unincorporated surface application (1.1 kg/ha applied in late May) of the granular formulation to a field (69% clay, 19% silt, 12% sand) located in Canada(4). Approximately 14% volatilization was observed over the course of a 24 day study period(4). Volatility losses were associated with rainfall events, and little volatilization was observed when the soil was dry. Ethalfluralin applied to a sandy loam soil at 3 mg/kg had a half-life of 46 days under aerobic conditions and 13.8 days under anaerobic conditions(5). The photodegradation half-life of ethalfluralin applied to a sandy loam soil was 14.23 days(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 4100-8400 measured in soil(2), indicate that ethalfluralin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 8.8X10-5 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 0.3 mg/L(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 11 days, respectively; however, adsorption may attenuate volatilization(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond was estimated as 137 days when adsorption was considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a whole-body BCF value of 1180 measured in rainbow trout(7), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Ethalfluralin in pH 5 buffer solution had a photodegradation half-life of 6.3 hours(7). Ethalfluralin applied at a concentration of 0.166 mg/L degraded with a half-life of approximately 2 days in an outdoor pond(8). The anaerobic aquatic degradation half-life of ethalfluralin applied (0.12 mg/kg) to a sediment/water system obtained from a Mississippi pond was approximately 38 hours(2,7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethalfluralin, which has a vapor pressure of 8.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethalfluralin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours for hydroxyl radicals and 23 hours for ozone(SRC), calculated from their respective rate constants of 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec and 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at and 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase ethalfluralin may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Ethalfluralin at a concentration of 9.8 ug/cu m was degraded quickly in a laboratory chamber upon exposure to simulated summer sunlight at 34 °C, with a calculated half-life of about 2 hours(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethalfluralin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethalfluralin with ozone has been estimated as 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Ethalfluralin at a concentration of 9.8 ug/cu m was degraded quickly in a chamber upon exposure to simulated summer sunlight at 34 °C, with a calculated half-life of about 2 hours(3). Ethalfluralin in pH 5 buffer solution had a photodegradation half-life of 6.3 hours(4). Ethalfluralin did not degrade in the dark controls. The major photodegradation product was identified by TLC as s-trifluoromethyl-3-nitro-1,2-benzendiamine (LY-50030; 24.4% of the initially applied amount). Ethalfluralin applied to the surface of a sandy loam soil had a photodegradation half-life of 14.23 days(4). Photodegradates were tentatively identified as s-trifluoromethyl-3-nitro-1,2-benzendiamine (LY-50030), 2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1H-benzimidazole (LY-275133), and 2-methyl-7-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-benzimidazole- 3-oxide (LY-65138), all at maximums of <4.3%(4). Ethalfluralin was shown to be stable to hydrolysis at pH 3,6, and 9 at temperatures of 25, 39, and 51 °C(3,4).

BCF values of 1520 (edible tissue), 860 (non-edible tissue), and 1180 (whole fish) were measured in rainbow trout exposed to 0.86 ng/mL of ethalfluralin in a flow-through aquarium over a 28-day exposure period(1). Depuration was rapid, with an elimination half-life of about 3 days when fish were placed in ethalfluralin free water(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

3.98e+03 L/kg|The Koc value of ethalfluralin ranged from 4100 to 8400 in 4 soils(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values indicate that ethalfluralin should have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethalfluralin is estimated as 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 8.8X10-5 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.3 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethalfluralin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11 days(SRC). Volatilization may be attenuated due to adsorption(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond was estimated as 137 days when adsorption was considered(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure(1). The volatility of ethalfluralin was studied following the unincorporated surface application (1.1 kg/ha applied in late May) of the granular formulation to a field (69% clay, 19% silt, 12% sand) located in Canada(4). Approximately 14% volatilization was observed over the course of the 24 day study period(4). Volatility losses were associated with rainfall events, and little volatilization was observed when the soil was dry. The volatilization flux of ethalfluralin from the surface application (1.53-1.89 kg/ha formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate) to a moist sandy loam soil ranged from 0.00365-0.0197 ug per square cm per hour, while the volatilization flux from the surface of a dry soil was an order of magnitude lower (0.000421-0.00284 ug per square cm per hour)(5). The volatilization flux of soil incorporated ethalfluralin ranged from 0.000565-0.0156 ug per square cm per hour(5).

SURFACE WATER: Ethalfluralin was detected in 10 out of 142 water samples obtained from the San Joaquin River, Orestimba Creek, Merced River, and Salt Slough Basin at a maximum concn of 0.13 ug/L(1). Ethalfluralin was detected in 1 out of 98 samples obtained from the Yakima River Basin, Washington, May 1999 through January 2000 at a concn of 0.004 ug/L(2). Ethalfluralin was detected in approximately 25% of the samples tested from the Platte River, Colorado in sampling performed from April 1993 through April 1994 at a maximum concn of 0.073 ug/L(3).|GROUNDWATER: Ethalfluralin was detected in 3.2% of the samples collected from 94 groundwater wells in the Midwestern United States in 1992(1). Ethalfluralin was detected at a maximum concn of 0.09 ug/L in a 1993-1995 study of groundwater from 20 major hydrological basins in the United States(2).

Ethalfluralin was analyzed for, but was not detected in the 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 FDA Market Basket Survey of domestic and imported food items(1).

Occupational exposure to ethalfluralin may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethalfluralin is produced or used(SRC). According to the EPA, there is potential exposure to handlers during use of ethalfluralin products. There is a concern about potential exposures arising from mixing and loading liquid or dry flowable formulations, from loading granular formulations, and from applying with groundboom and granular spreader equipment(1).

In the poultry metabolism study, laying hens were dosed with uniformly ring-labeled [14C]ethalfluralin at 10 ppm in the diet (about 200x the 14 maximum theoretical dietary burden) for ten consecutive days. The maximum total radioactive residues were 0.169 ppm in eggs, 0.697 ppm in liver, 0.070 ppm in muscle, and 0.194 ppm in skin. The parent compound, ethalfluralin, was the major compound identified in skin, but was a minor component in eggs, liver, and muscle. Four other metabolites, 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol, N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, and 2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, were identified; each identified metabolite was present at >/=0.05 ppm.|A study with Rhesus monkeys indicated that 2.8% of a dermal dose was absorbed through the skin.|Fischer 344 rats were treated orally with a single low dose, a single high dose, or repeated low doses of radiolabeled ethalfluralin. Absorption of ethalfluralin was estimated at 79-87% of the dose for all dose levels. Ethalfluralin was rapidly and extensively metabolized, and 95% of the chemical was excreted in urine and feces by seven days. The major route of elimination for the radiolabel was in the feces, 50.9-63.2%, and the levels remaining in the tissues after 72 hours were negligible. ...

In the ruminant metabolism study, a lactating dairy cow was dosed with uniformly ring-labeled [14C]ethalfluralin at 10 ppm in the diet (about 14 200x the maximum theoretical dietary burden) for three consecutive days. The total radioactive residues were 0.011 ppm in fat, 0.050 ppm in kidney, 0.104 ppm in liver, 0.002 ppm in muscle, and up to 0.006 ppm in milk. Ethalfluralin was identified in milk and fat; neither parent nor metabolites were identified in kidney or liver.|In the poultry metabolism study, laying hens were dosed with uniformly ring-labeled [14C]ethalfluralin at 10 ppm in the diet (about 200x the 14 maximum theoretical dietary burden) for ten consecutive days. The maximum total radioactive residues were 0.169 ppm in eggs, 0.697 ppm in liver, 0.070 ppm in muscle, and 0.194 ppm in skin. The parent compound, ethalfluralin, was the major compound identified in skin, but was a minor component in eggs, liver, and muscle. Four other metabolites, 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol, N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, and 2,6-dinitro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, were identified; each identified metabolite was present at >/=0.05 ppm.

Skin decontamination. Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other herbicides/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to their irritant properties. Management depends on: (1) the best estimate of the quantity ingested, (2) time elapsed since ingestion, and (3) the clinical status of the subject. Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of more acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require oral or intravenous fluids. ... If large amounts of herbicide have been ingested and the patient is seen within an hour of the ingestion, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... If the amount of ingested herbicides was small, if effective emesis has already occurred, or if treatment is delayed, administer activated charcoal and sorbitol by mouth. /Other herbicides/|Intravenous fluids. If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of glucose, normal saline, Ringer's solution, or Ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. /Other herbicides/|Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides ... If the patient's condition deteriorates in spite of good supportive care, the operation of an alternative or additional toxicant should be suspected. /Other herbicides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ETHALFLURALIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive: causes skin burns and irreversible eye damage. Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic reactions In some individuals /Sonalan HFP/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes substantial but temporaiy eye irritation and skin irritation. Harmful if inhaled. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic reactions In some individuals. /Technical ethalfuralin/

ethafluralin

The annual use of ethalfluralin from 1989-1991 was 2300-4200 lbs a.i.|Based on figures reported between 1989 and 1993, EPA estimated that annual U.S. Usage of ethalfluralin was 3,07305,667 acres treated with 2,300-4,200 lb of active ingredient.

ETHALFLURALIN TECHNICAL Active Ingredient 96.0% ethalfluralin; SONALAN 10G Active Ingredient 10.0% ethalfluralin; SONALAN HFP Active Ingredient 31.5% ethalfluralin|CLEAN CROP CURBIT EC HERBICIDE Active Ingredient 31.5% Ethalfluralin; STRATEGY Active Ingredients 18.2% Ethalfluralin and 5.60% Clomazone|The ethalfluralin formulations registered for use on crops include the granular (G), the dry flowable (DF), and the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). These formulations may be applied preplant, postplant prior to emergence, postemergence, or post-transplant as a soil incorporated, band, or broadcast application using ground equipment.|Two technical grade products are currently available: Registration numbers 62719-132; 68156-2

Benzenamine, N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-: ACTIVE

Method: USGS-NWQL O-1126-95; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with select-ion monitoring; Analyte: ethafluralin; Matrix: natural-water; Detection Limit: 0.013 ug/L.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides