Terbuthylazine

229.71

229.71

227-637-9

M095B391J7

DTXSID4027608

Colorless powder|White solid|Off-white. Powdery solid, waxy and globular

62.7

3.40

colorless powder.

1.188 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

177-179 °C

290.8±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

11 °C

1.580

Toluene, 1.04 g/100 ml; ethylene glycol, 0.236 g/100 ml, both at 25 deg C

APPROX 4°C

0.09 mPa (6.75X10-7 mm Hg) at 25 deg C

Oral-Rat LD50: 1845 mg/kg; inhalation-rat LC50:> 3510 mg/m3/4 hours

Combustion produces toxic chloride and nitrogen oxide gases

Rancid, putrid

1.10e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 2.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 2.0; very weak base

153.48 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW]|153.99 Ų [M+H]+

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.10X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Non-corrosive

I; II; III

6.1

UN12303/PG2

2

11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25-22

7-16-24-45-36-36/37

XY4550000

F,T,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

At 20 deg C, 50% hydrolysis (calculated) occurs in: 8 days at pH 1; 86 days at pH 5; > 200 days at pH 9; 12 days at pH 13

P301 + P312 + P330

H302-H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Waste resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. /Bellacide 329/|Fiber Drum: Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank. Fill the container 1/4 full with water. Replace and tighten closures. Tip container on its side and roll it back and forth, ensuring at least one complete revolution, for 30 seconds. Stand the container on its end and tip it back and forth several times. Turn the container over onto its other end and tip it back and forth several times. Empty the rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Repeat this procedure two more times. /Bellacide 329/|Pail: Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. /Bellacide 329/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TERBUTHYLAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Terbuthylazine. EPA 738-R-95-005 (March 1995). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of October 11, 2012: http://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=CHEMICALSEARCH:1]

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P314, P330, P391, and P501|H302 (95.29%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P314, P330, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 425 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Personal protective equipment includes a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, socks, and chemical-resistant gloves. A chemical-resistant apron must be immediately available during loading and application and must be worn in case of a leak, spill, or other exposure to the concentrate. /Bellacide 329/|The use of personal protective equipment such as glasses, synthetic gloves, & /NIOSH approved breathing apparatus/ ... is important. /Herbicides/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Triazine pesticides, solid, toxic/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Triazine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Triazine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable/|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Triazine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable/|Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Triazine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic; Triazine pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable/|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Triazine pesticides, solid, toxic/|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Triazine pesticides, solid, toxic/

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Remove contaminated clothing and wash clothing before reuse: Put on clean clothing. /Bellacide 329/|Remove personal protective equipment immediately after handling the product. Wash the outside of the gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Bellacide 329/|Follow personal protective equipment manufacturer's instruction for cleaning/maintaining personal protective equipment. If no such instructions for washables exists, use detergent and hot water. Store and wash personal protective equipment separately from other laundry. /Bellacide 329/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TERBUTHYLAZINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Terbuthylazine is mildly to moderately irritating to the eyes, and slightly irritating to the skin.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of terbutylethylazine stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion, exposure to this colorless to white powder may occur from its use as an herbicide. Effects from exposure may include shortness of breath, muscle spasms, ataxia, and anorexia. In activities and situations where over exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and personal protective clothing. If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While terbutylethylazine does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of irritating and poisonous gases. For fires involving terbutylethylazine, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Terbutylethylazine may be shipped domestically via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing the label "Poison". Small dry spills of prometone may be placed into a clean, dry, covered container for later disposal (liquid solutions are first absorbed in sand or other noncombustible absorbent). Large liquid spills should be diked far ahead to prevent terbutylethylazine from entering water sources and sewers. Before implementing land disposal of terbutylethylazine, consult with regulatory agencies for guidance.

Terbuthylazine was detected in the effluents from an urban and a rural waste treatment plant in Germany monitored over the course of one year, 1998, at concentrations of <0.4 ug/L and <0.4-1.1 ug/L, respectively(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Aerosol sampling in the Chambery vineyard region of the French Alps revealed an average terbuthylazine concentration of 0.82 ng/cu m, collected in 1994(1).

moderately toxic

LD50 Rat oral 1845 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat percutaneous >2000 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation >5.3 mg/L air/4 hr

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ On a subacute dietary basis, terbuthylazine is practically non-toxic to birds. Two studies, one on the mallard duck and one on the bobwhite quail produced LC50s greater than 5,620 ppm.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Subchronic toxic effects on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test. The exposure to terbuthylazin showed no effect on mortality, but significant differences (P<0.0001) were revealed on weight and growth parameters at concentrations of 520 and 820 ug/L. The inhibition of specific growth rate at concentrations of 520 and 820 ug/L was 14% compared to the control group. No significant negative effects on total body length and body weight were observed at lower concentrations (0.9 and 160 ug/L). The concentrations 520 and 820 ug/L were associated with a delay in development compared to other experimental groups and controls. On the basis of weight and growth rate evaluation and determination of developmental stages, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of terbuthylazine was estimated at 160 ug/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was 520 ug/L. According to these results, the reported environmental concentration of terbuthylazine in Czech rivers does not impact growth, development, morphology, or histology of carp embryos and larvae.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Terbuthylazine is moderately toxic to freshwater fish: rainbow trout (96-hr LC50 3.4 ppm) and bluegill sunfish (96-hr LC50 7.5 ppm); slightly toxic to freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna EC50 50.9 ppm); and highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates (pink shrimp EC50 109.7 ug/L). /From table/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effects of the herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 ug/L) on common carp Cyprinus carpio were assessed through biometric, biochemical, hematological and antioxidant indices, induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and histological examination of selected tissues. The fish were exposed to the formulation with terbuthylazine concentrations of 380 ng/L (environmental concentration); 60 ug/L and 550 ug/L for up to 91 days. Hematological indices were assessed using unified methods of hematological examination in fish. Biochemical indices in plasma were measured by biochemical analyzer, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and ceruloplasmin activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Concentration of total cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase activity and glutathione content were assessed spectrophotometrically in liver. Activity of liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured spectrofluorimetrically. Histopathological examination of liver, skin, gills, spleen, cranial and caudal kidney was performed by light microscopy. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in hepatosomatic index and condition factor in fish from the environmental concentration. A decrease (p<0.05) in hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was found in fish treated with terbuthylazine of 550 ug/L. There was a decline in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p<0.05) in terbuthylazine of 60 ug/L and 550 ug/L. Triglycerides (TAG) (p<0.01) were elevated in all pesticide-treated groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.01) and phosphorus (p<0.05) decreased in fish exposed to terbuthylazine of 60 ug/L and 550 ug/L, while albumin (p<0.01) rised in the same groups. An elevation in natrium (p<0.05) in terbuthylazine of 550 ug/L and a rise in protein (p<0.01) in the concentrations of 380 ng/L and 550 ug/L were observed. Correlations between several indices were significant. Ceruloplasmin activity and FRAP were augmented (p<0.01) in the highest concentration tested. Examined xenobiotic detoxification systems were not significantly affected by the exposure. Non-specific histopathological changes were found in the gills and skin of the test fish. The fish treated with terbuthylazine developed a disorder in several haematological and plasma biochemical indices. The levels of markers of oxidative stress increased in response to the exposure. Examined systems involved in detoxification of xenobiotics did not reflect long-term contact with the herbicide. Detected histological lesions were non-specific. The environmental concentration of terbuthylazin affected biometric indices of the test fish.

Terbuthylazine's production and use as a laboratory analytical standard(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a herbicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 151-514(2,3) indicate that terbuthylazine is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil(SRC). However, terbuthylazine adsorption in soil can depend upon an electron donor process(4) that results in terbuthylazine residues that are strongly bound to soil(5). Field studies have shown terbuthylazine to be relatively immobile in soil(5,6) and terbuthylazine is reported to have only slight mobility in soil(3). Volatilization of terbuthylazine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 6.75X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 9.0 mg/L(3). In soil volatilization studies using two soil types, only 0.26-0.65% of applied terbuthylazine volatilized over a 32 to 36 days period(7). Some sensitized photodegradation may occur in moist soils (containing sensitizing agents such humic acid) exposed to sunlight(8). In soil degradation tests using sterile and non-sterile soil, terbuthylazine had a half-life of 82 days in sterilized soil and half-lives of 22-27 days non-sterile soil(9). Microbial degradation proceeds mainly by de-ethylation and hydroxylation, with eventual ring cleavage(3). Terbuthylazine half-lives of 88, 116, and 103 days were observed in loamy clay, calcareous clay, and high clay soils respectively(10). Field studies in biologically activate soil have reported terbuthylazine dissipation half-lives ranging from 6.5 to 149 days(3).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 151 to 514(2,3) indicates that terbuthylazine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6.75X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 9.0 mg/liter(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 25(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.40(3) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process given half-lives of 73, 205 and 194 days at pH 5, 7 and 9, respectively(3). Terbuthylazine is stable to aqueous photolysis(7). The direct aqueous photolysis half-life is reported to be greater than 40 days in natural sunlight(3). Sensitized photodegradation may have some importance as a fate process in natural waters containing sensitizing agents such as humic acids(8). In river, seawater and groundwater die-away tests, terbuthylazine had half-lives ranging from 44 to 196 days(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), terbuthylazine, which has a vapor pressure of 6.75X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase terbuthylazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 35 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.10X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase terbuthylazine may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Due to weak absorption at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and an aqueous photolysis half-life of >40 days in natural sunlight(2), direct photolysis is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of terbuthylazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.10X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 35 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Terbuthylazine is stable to aqueous photolysis(2) with very little uv absorption >290 nm(3). The aqueous photolysis half-life is reported to be greater than 40 days in natural sunlight(4). However, it has been demonstrated that the photolysis rate constant increased nearly linearly with increasing nitrate concentrations, i.e. 50, 140, 160, 210, and 260X10-6/sec at nitrate concentrations of 10, 15, 30, 70, and 100 mg/L, respectively(5). In natural freshwaters, photolysis rate constants in samples from the Danube River, Lake Constance (encompassing parts of Germany, Switzerland and Austria) , Kleine Kinzig Reservoir (Germany), and the Rhine River were 1.83, 0.78, 1.69, and 1.58X10-6/sec, respectively(5), corresponding to half-lives of 4, 10, 5, and 5 days, respectively(SRC). Photodegradation rates in soil solutions with different dissolved humic acid concns saturated with O2 were 0.21/hr, 0.040/hr, and 0.11/hr at 0 ppm, 5, and 50 ppm humic acid, respectively, following UV irradiation using a Pyrex filter(6). This corresponds to half-lives of 34, 17, and 6 hours, respectively(SRC). Solutions saturated under N2 resulted in similar rates - half-lives of 31, 20, and 7 hours, respectively(6). Photodegradation products identified were de-tert-isobutylterbuthylazine, 2-chloro-4-acetamido-6-tert-isobutylamino-1,3,5-triazine, desethylbuthylazine, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, and ammeline(6).|Terbuthylazine is stable to aqueous hydrolysis(1). The hydrolysis half-lives for terbuthylazine in aqueous buffer solutions at 25 °C at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 63, >200, and >200 days, respectively(1). Similar hydrolysis half-lives of 73 days (pH 5), 205 days (pH 7) and 194 days (pH 9) at 25 °C are also reported(2). The half-lives for degradation (purportedly soil-catalyzed hydrolysis) of terbuthylazine in Hatzenbuhl soil at pH 4.8 and Neuhofen soil at pH 6.5 are 84 and 170 days, respectively(3). The product of terbuthylazine hydrolysis is 2-hydroxy-4-tert-butylamino-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine(3). The rate of hydrolysis may be increased by various catalysts based upon the observed increase in rate of hydrolysis rates for the chemically similar herbicide atrazine in water solutions upon addition of sterilized soil(4) and humic(5) and fulvic acids(6). Infrared studies of interactions of s-triazines such as simazine with mineral surfaces indicate that adsorption is usually followed by protonation and hydrolysis(7).

An estimated BCF of 25 was calculated for terbuthylazine(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.40(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

208.93 L/kg|Koc values of 259, 260, and 100 in three Swiss soils (Vetroz, pH 7.8, organic matter 2.2%, clay 2.8% silt 10.2%, sand 87.0%; Evouettes, pH 6.1, organic matter 3.6%, clay 12.2% silt 49.4%, sand 38.4%; Collombey, pH 6.7, organic matter 5.6%, clay 22.6% silt 19.6%, sand 57.8%), respectively, have been reported for terbuthylazine(1). Using loamy clay (Typic eutrochrept, pH 8.2, sand 3.6%, silt 64.7%, clay 31.7%, organic carbon 1.11%, CaCO3 1.9%), calcereous clay (Mollic eutrochrept, pH 8.0, sand 29.2%, silt 19.5%, clay 51.3%, organic carbon 1.50%, CaCO3 26.4%), and high clay (Vertic eutrochrept, pH 8.0, sand 24.5%, silt 13.0%, clay 62.5%, organic carbon 1.08%, CaCO3 3.2%) agricultural soils, Kocs of 207, 155, and 174 were measured(2). A Koc of 230 was reported for terbuthylazine(3). Koc values of 267 and 514 were determined in two sediments from the Kishon River in Israel(4). Typical Koc values for light agricultural soils range from 151 to 318 with terbuthylazine being slightly mobile in soil(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a Koc range 151 to 514 suggests that terbuthylazine is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil. Evidence has been reported that indicates that the basicity of s-triazine herbicides, such as terbuthylazine, is not the main factor governing adsorption to soil humic acids(7). It has been shown that the ability of s-triazines herbicides to act as electron donors to electron acceptor quinone-like units of humic acids also plays an important role in the adsorption(8).|Most of the terbuthylazine applied to forest soil under field conditions remained in the upper 12 cm even after 108 days; small amounts reached the 12 to 18 cm depth within 10 to 108 days(1). Using field lysimeters, a study based in Udine, Italy, terbuthylazine applied at 1 kg/ha active ingredient, 68%, 12%, and 4% of the applied compound was recovered after 15 days from depths 1-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm, respectively, indicating that a large majority of terbuthylazine was immobilized in soil as bound residue(2). Terbuthylazine was applied to three Brazilian soils in closed aerated laboratory microcosms; percent of 14C initially applied attributed to leaching was 0.08, 0.01, and 0.00 in sandy soil, clay soil, and organic soil, respectively, under standard climatic conditions (20 °C, 38% relative humidity, 60 mm precipitation/month)(3). Under Brazilian summer conditions (26.8 °C, 60-80% relative humidity, 300 mm precipitation), percent leaching was observed to be 2.99, 0.01, and 0.23, respectively(3).

The Henry's Law constant for terbuthylazine is estimated as 2.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.75X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 9.0 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that terbuthylazine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Terbuthylazine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. In soil volatilization studies using two soil types, only 0.26-0.65% of applied terbuthylazine volatilized over a 32 to 36 days period(3). Using a wind tunnel volatilization test system, about 8.8% of soil applied was volatilized over a 13-day period(4).

GROUNDWATER: Terbuthylazine was not detected in 107 wells in California sampled from 1986-1988, nor in 161 wells sampled in Indiana, 1987-1988(1). The compound was detected in 2 of 79 wells monitored in New Zealand during 1994 at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.3 mg/cu m, respectively(2). It was not detected in 39 wells sampled near Marlborough, New Zealand; detection limit between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/cu m(2). Terbuthylazine was detected in well water from citrus orchards in Spain during 1989/1990 at a concentration of 1.8 ug/L(3). Ground water samples from Bavaria, sampled from 1987-1989, tested positive for terbuthylazine, with a concentration range of 0.01-0.05 ug/L; concentrations in samples from Muensterland, Germany sampled from 1987-1992 were less than 0.01 ug/L(3). Ground water in the region of Lombardy Italy was assessed from 1986 through 1993 on 2,000-5,000 wells per year for a total of 29,000 samples; maximum terbuthylazine determinations of 1,800 in 1990 did not result in any determinations exceeding 0.1 ug/L(4). A two year monitoring study of groundwater in various areas near Lombardy, Northern Italy during 1999 and 2000 found terbuthylazine in about 15% of all samples with a maximum concentration of 0.10 ug/L (detection limit of 0.01 ug/L(5).|DRINKING WATER: Neither terbuthylazine nor it's breakdown product(s) were detected in 16 well samples from Del Norte county, California, sampled from July 1, 1994 through June 20, 1995(1). Sishyou and Yuba counties, CA reported positive detections, with 18 and 1 wells sampled, respectively(1). Terbuthylazine was detected in drinking well water from Athens, Greece during 1992/1993 at a concentration range of not detected to 0.015 ug/L(2). Drinking water samples from Bavaria, sampled from 1987-1989, tested positive for terbuthylazine, with a concentration range of 0.01-0.05 ug/L; concentrations in samples from Muensterland, Germany sampled from 1987-1992 were less than 0.01 ug/L(2).|SURFACE WATER: Terbuthylazine was detected in the following numbers of samples out of 708 total samples from Central European streams in spring 1976 to fall 1977 within the indicated concentration ranges: 4 samples, 1.1-10 ppb; 11 samples, 0.4-1.0 ppb; 103 samples, <0.4 ppb(1). Terbuthylazine was found in Swedish stream waters (1985-1987) in 2 of 114 samples taken during June-July at a max concentration of 0.7 ppb and not detected in 203 samples taken during April-May and Aug-Oct(2). The compound was detected in samples from the German Bight of North Sea, January 1991, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 120 ng/L with a max concentration in the Elbe estuary of 150 ng/L, detection limit of 1 ng/L(3). Concentrations of terbuthylazine in the River Po, Italy ranged from not detected to 300 ng/L in samples collected from May, 1988 through June, 1991(4). Terbuthylazine was detected in water samples from three sites in Bavaria, southern Germany collected from 1991 through 1995(1). Concentration ranges were as follows: 1991, 0.02-0.71; 1992, not detected; 1993, 0.07-0.34; 1994, 0.02-0.05; 1995, 0.02-1.30 ug/L(1). Lac Fontaine Claire water samples from the Chambery vineyard region of the French Alps contained an average terbuthylazine concentration of 215 ng/L, collected in 1994(5). Terbuthylazine was detected in half-urbanized sections of the Morbras and Reveillon River near Paris France in 1998 with 7% of downstream sample having levels >0.1 ug/L(6). Monitoring of various sections of the Ebro River in Spain detected average terbuthylazine concentrations ranging from <15 to 69 ng/L(7).|SURFACE WATER: Samples from the Red River and tributaries in southern Manitoba, Canada were collected triweekly between June and October, 1993 and then biweekly between spring and autumn in 1994 and 1995; Tributhylazine results were as follows: Assiniboine River, 16% detection frequency, max concentration of 3.12 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L; LaSalle River, 16% detection frequency, max concentration of 3.04 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Morris River, 22% detection frequency, max concentration of 4.00 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Pembina River, 13% detection frequency, max concentration of 5.25 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Rat River, 9% detection frequency, max concentration of 3.00 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Roseau River, 13% detection frequency, max concentration of 2.78 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Seine River, 16% detection frequency, max concentration of 2.78 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L, no use reported; Red River at Emerson, 26% detection frequency, max concentration of 4.68 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L; Red River at Ste. Agathe, 28% detection frequency, max concentration of 3.93 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L; Red River at Selkirk, 15% detection frequency, max concentration of 1.96 ng/L, minimum concentration of <0.041 ng/L, median concentration of <0.041 ng/L. The detection limit for this study was 0.041 ng/L(1). Pesticide concentrations in the basin reflect regional use and contributions from use in neighboring US states(1).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Terbuthylazine was detected in rainwater samples from three sites in Bavaria, southern Germany collected from 1991 through 1995(1). Concentration ranges were as follows: 1991, 0.02-0.34; 1992, 0.02-0.70; 1993, not detected; 1994, 0.02-0.23; 1995, 0.02-0.35 ug/L(1). Reported concentrations of terbuthylazine in rainfall samples from Europe ranged from 26-800 ng/L(2). Four of 10 rainfall sampling stations established in 1998 in the Gdansk-Sopot-Gdynia area, Poland contained terbuthylazine at concentrations ranging from not detected (detection limit <0.05 ng/L) to 0.31 ng/L(3). Rainwater and snow sampling in the Chambery vineyard region of the French Alps revealed an average terbuthylazine concentration of 18.4 and 10.2 ng/L, respectively, collected in 1994(4). Monitoring of rainwater in Flanders Belgium between 1998 and 2000 detected terbuthylazine concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 ng/L(5); terbuthylazine had positive detections in 1-2% of all samples(5). Terbuthylazine was detected (LOD of 0.01 ug/L) in 6 of 108 rainwater samples collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA (MD, IN, NE and CA)(6).

Terbuthylazine was not detected (detection limit 0.500 ppm) as part of a pesticide residue screening of 6,970 produce samples surveyed from 1989 to 1991(1).

Occupational exposure to terbuthylazine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where terbuthylazine is produced or used. Workers may be exposed to terbuthylazine during applications in commercial/industrial settings(1). In addition, workers may be exposed to this pesticide after application and while cleaning or maintaining water cooling towers(1). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to terbuthylazine via ingestion of contaminated drinking water and dermal contact with this compound(SRC). People (including children) may be exposed while wading or swimming in treated ornamental ponds or fountains(1).

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)|Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc. (See all compounds classified as Pesticides.)

In a rat metabolism study, (14)C-terbuthylazine (3.6 mg) was administered orally to Wistar rats. Terbuthylazine was rapidly (50% excreted by 16-17 hrs) and completely metabolized and did not accumulate in tissues. Radioactivity was excreted equally in urine and feces in males, but in females about 66% of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine.|In mammals, following oral administration, 72-84% is eliminated in the urine and feces within 24 hr, and almost all within 48 hr.|Terbuthylazine (TBA) is an herbicide widely used in corn cultivation. Herein we evaluate the measurement of hair TBA as biomarkers of exposure. Five Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with TBA for 3 days, and then the back hair was shaved and analyzed for TBA. In addition, head hair samples from 10 corn farmers, 9 rural residents, and 6 urban residents were collected at the end of the application season. Hair TBA was detected by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry after solvent extraction. TBA was quantifiable in all rat samples with a mean concentration of 0.92 (+ or - 0.26)ng/mg, which corresponds to a 0.12% incorporation rate. TBA was quantifiable in all farmer samples (median: 0.67 ng/mg), in 75% of rural resident samples (0.01ng/mg) and in none of the urban resident samples (<0.01 ng/mg), with a statistical difference among groups (P<0.01). Our results suggest that TBA is incorporated in hair and prompt further investigation on the use of hair TBA as a potential biomarker of cumulative exposure.

Metabolism of terbuthylazine in rats is similar to other chloro-s-triazine herbicides. The major routes of metabolism are hydrolysis of the chlorine moiety and mono- or didealkylation. Hydroxylation of one or both of the dealkylated amine groups may also occur.|Urine and feces contained up to 25 and 15 identified metabolites, respectively, most of which were polar. Degradation of the triazine ring did not occur. Ammeline and ammelide, 2 dechlorinated and dealkylated/hydroxylated metabolites common to all triazines, were identified in low amounts in the feces.|In mammals, following oral administration, ...a de-ethyl metabolite forms rapidly, followed by conjugates of products formed by oxidation of one methyl group of the tert-butyl moiety. All are rapidly excreted.|/Terbutylethylazine/ was rapidly metabolized to water soluble compounds in the leaves of corn, sorghum, and sugar cane and more slowly in susceptible barley, by displacement of the 2-chloro group with glutathione or gamma-glutamylcysteine.|The metabolism of atrazine (and three other triazine herbicides, terbuthylazine, ametryne, and tebutryne) has been investigated in vitro in liver microsomes from rats, pigs, and humans. The principal phase-1 reactions in all three species were N-monodealkylation, hydroxylation of the isopropyl or tert-butyl moiety and sulfoxidation of the substrate. Although all species produced the same type of metabolites, there were spiecies specific differences in the metabolite ratios. Subsequent studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A2 is the major phase-1 enzyme involved in the metabolism of s-triazine in human liver micrsomes. /Triazine herbicides/|Terbuthylazine has known human metabolites that include 1-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanol and 2-[[4-Chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropan-1-ol.

Photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor at the photosystem II receptor site. Maize tolerance of triazines is attributed to conjugation with glutathione. ...Herbicide, absorbed mainly by the roots.

Skin decontamination. Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other herbicides/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to their irritant properties. Management depends on: (1) the best estimate of the quantity ingested, (2) time elapsed since ingestion, and (3) the clinical status of the subject. Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of more acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require oral or intravenous fluids. ... If large amounts of herbicide have been ingested and the patient is seen within an hour of the ingestion, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... . If the amount of ingested herbicides was small, if effective emesis has already occurred, or if treatment is delayed, administer activated charcoal and sorbitol by mouth. /Other herbicides/|Intravenous fluids. If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of glucose, normal saline, Ringer's solution, or Ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. /Other herbicides/|Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides ... . If the patient's condition deteriorates in spite of good supportive care, the operation of an alternative or additional toxicant should be suspected. /Other herbicides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for TERBUTHYLAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Terbuthylazine and carbofuran are suspected to cause non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. /The researchers/ evaluated the effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations on primary DNA damage by comet assay, and on the structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 genes by FISH-comet. Another novelty in studying these pesticides' genotoxicity is the use of 14-day extended-term human lymphocyte cultures. Concentrations corresponded to values of ADI and OEL: for terbuthylazine 0.58 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL; for carbofuran 8 ng/mL and 21.6 ng/mL, respectively. A possible effect of metabolic activation (S9) was also considered. Carbofuran treatment induced a significant migration of DNA into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner, while for terbuthylazine the effect was significant only at the higher concentration. Terbuthylazine caused migration of both c-Myc signals into the comet tail. A significant occurrence of TP 53 signals in the tail was observed at 8 ng/ml. Prolonged carbofuran treatment significantly elevated the migration of a single c-Myc signal into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner. With S9, distribution of signals shifted toward increased presence of both signals in tail. Our results showed impaired structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 due to prolonged exposure to terbuthylazine and carbofuran.

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Premix Partners: Acetochlor; Alachlor; amitrole; Atrazine; Bromoxynil; Glyphosate; Isoxaben; Mesotrione; S-Metolachlor; Oxyfluorfen; Pendimethalin; Propachlor; Tembotrione; Terbutryn.|Suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate.|Technical product is greater than or equal to 96% pure.|AMA-204 (Kemira Chemicals, Inc.), Terbuthylazine 4%.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for TERBUTHYLAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-chloro-N2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N4-ethyl-: ACTIVE|The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies terbuthylazine (technical grade) as Class III: slightly hazardous; Main Use: herbicide.|Slightly longer duration in its action than simazine and atrazine ... .|USA: Not marketed.

Method: USGS-NWQL O-2002-01; Procedure: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Analyte: terbuthylazine; Matrix: filtered natural-water; Detection Limit: 0.0045 ug/L.|Method: USGS-NWQL O-1121-91; Procedure: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Analyte: terbuthylazine; Matrix: natural water; Detection Limit: 0.054 ug/L.|Method: AOAC 981.04, Terbuthylazine in Pesticide Formulations using Gas Chromatographic Method; Analyte: terbuthylazine; Matrix: pesticide formulations; Detection Level: not provided.|Method: 619, The Determination of Triazine Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater; Procedure: gas chromatography; Analyte: terbuthylazine; Matrix: industrial and municipal discharges; Detection Level: 0.03 ug/L.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for TERBUTHYLAZINE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Procedure for determining s-triazine herbicides such as terbutylethylazine in urine & biological tissues by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection is described. Urine samples are extracted with ether & biological tissues with chloroform. Residues obtained after evaporation of solvent are dissolved in dimethylformamide. Most of the lipids can be removed by n-pentane partitioning.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides|Pharmaceuticals|Microbiocides, Algicides, Herbicides|Pesticides -> Herbicides -> Triazine herbicides -> Chlorotriazine herbicides|Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Terbutylazine has known environmental transformation products that include Terbutylazine-2-hydroxy, Terbutylazine-desethyl, and Terbutylazine-desethyl-2-hydroxy.|Terbutylazine has known environmental transformation products that include CSAA036479, CSAA04949, CSCD648241, CSCD692760, GS31398, MT1, GS 26379, MT13, GS 23158, Terbutylazine metabolite MT14, Terbutylazine metabolite MT23, and Terbutylazine metabolite MT24.