PCB 153

360.88

360.88

208-759-1

ZRU0C9E32O

DTXSID2032180

2903999090

0

6.83

1.6±0.1 g/cm3

137-138 °C

396.2±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg

100 °C

1.627

0.8625ug/L(25 ºC)

2-8°C

3.43e-06 mmHg

2.30e-05 atm-m3/mole

II

9

2315

3

11-36/37/38-50/53-33-67-65-38

16-26-33-36-61-60-35-62-29-9

F,Xi,N,Xn

Thermally stable and resistant to both oxidation and biological degradation.

P273-P391-P501

H373-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|EXPERIMENTS ON THE COMBUSTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) IN 1 M-LONG TUBE FURNACE INDICATED THAT PCB CONTAINING APPROX 40% CL IS DESTROYED WITHIN 3-4 MIN AT 900-1000 °C USING 100% EXCESS AIR. TEMPERATURES GREATER THAN 1000 °C ARE REQUIRED TO DESTROY PCB CONTAINING APPROX 60% CL & DISTILLATION RESIDUES ARISING FROM PCB MFR. DOMESTIC WASTE INCINERATORS OPERATING AT 800-900 °C ARE UNLIKELY TO PROVE SUITABLE FOR INCINERATING WASTE CONTAINING TRACE AMT OF PCB. PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS AT 900 °C WITH NOMINAL RESIDENCE TIME OF 3.5 SEC GAVE 40-60% RECOVERY OF CL AS HCL FROM PCB.|POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS CAN BE DESTROYED BY INCINERATION IF THE TRANSIT TIME IS LONG ENOUGH. DURING INCINERATION HEXACHLOROBENZENE IS FORMED; ITS RATE OF FORMATION INCR AT HIGH TEMP. IN ORDER FOR THE HEXACHLOROBENZENE TO BE DESTROYED, A TEMP OF 950 °C IS NEEDED. THIS RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A RESIDUE LESS THAN 100 MG OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE/KG. AT 800 °C & A TRANSIT TIME OF 2 SEC, A RESIDUE OF ABOUT 1200 MG/KG REMAINS.|Investigations were conducted of new and emerging technologies for the disposal of hazardous wastes, ... including molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, high energy electron treatment of trace organic compounds in aqueous solution, the catalyzed wet oxidation of toxic chemicals, dehalogenation of compounds by treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen, UV/chlorinolysis of organics in aqueous solution, the catalytic hydrogenation-dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ultraviolet-ozone destruction. Theory, specific wastes treated, and economics are discussed. The major technologies investigated in detail were molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, and ultraviolet/ozone destruction. Among wastes treated by emerging technologies are PCBs, various dioxins, pesticides and herbicides, chemical warfare agents, explosives and propellants, nitrobenzene, and hydrazine plus its derivatives.

Liquid chlorine reacts exothermically with polychlorinated biphenyl heat transfer liquid. /Polychlorinated biphenyls/

ALVARES AP ET AL; NATL RES COUNC CAN, (REP) NRCC/CNRC 18978, WORKSHOP COMB EFF XENOBIOTICS, 127-49 (1982). REVIEW ON ENZYME INDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF PCBS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/|TSCA CHIPs present a preliminary assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl's potential for injury to human health & the environment (available at EPA's TSCA Assistance Office: (202) 554-1404 or (800) 424-9065) /Polychlorinated biphenyls/

|Warning|H373 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]|P260, P273, P314, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 54 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

... Workers should be provided with suitable protective clothing: long-sleeved overalls, boots, overshoes, and bib-type aprons that cover the boot tops, /and/ gloves. ... Safety glasses with side shields ... for eye protection. Respirators should be used in areas with PCB vapors and during installation and repair of containers and emergency activities. ...

Flame resistant

... Dry sand or earth should be spread on the leak, or spill area. ...|Survey reports six case histories employing EPA's hazardous materials spills treatment trailer are reviewed. The trailer's ... treatment system has three mixed-media filters and three activated carbon columns to remove suspended, precipitated, and organic soluble materials. Spills of PCB, pentachlorophenol, kepone, termide (chlordane), heptachlor, aldrin, and dieldrin, toxaphene, and dinitrobutylphenol were treated by the EPA trailer, which was generally successful in mitigating environmental effects by filtering and carbon-adsorption. 90% removal was achieved for 21 of 23 compounds.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|/In a confined space: The worker/ should wear appropriate protective equipment and be connected by a lifeline harness to an outside worker.|Employees should wash their hands before eating, drinking and smoking ... and refrain from such activities in the polluted rooms. ...

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to skin and eyes.

NIOSH considers chlorodiphenyl containing 54% chlorine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Aroclor 1254/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concn. /Aroclor 1254/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.001 mg/cu m. /Aroclor 1254/

PRETREATMENT OF RATS WITH 3,4,3'4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (TCB) OR 2,4,5,2'4'5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL PROTECTED RATS AGAINST BENZENE-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTOPENIA FOR AS LONG AS 7 DAYS, BUT NOT AFTER 10 DAYS OF REPEATED DOSING.|The induction of cytochrome p450 b,e-type antigen and mRNA by phenobarbital, 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in male Wistar rat liver was studied. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital or 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl results in a pronounced increase of cytochrome p450 b,e-type antigen and mRNA levels. 2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl appears to induce primarily a cytochrome p450 b-type sequence.|... A comparison of the time course of monooxygenase enzyme induction and receptor protein elevation by phenobarbital and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl showed significant differences in their activities. Five days after administration of the hexachlorobiphenyl, receptor levels were significantly elevated; these increased levels persisted for 14 days. No correlation existed between increased levels of hepatic receptor protein and induction of the cytochrome-p450 dependent monooxygenases, aldrin epoxidase, or dimethylaminoantipyrine-N-demethylase.|Fecal excretion of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl was followed for 19 weeks in rats fed a control diet, or a squalane-supplemented diet, for up to 17 weeks. In 3 days after a single oral dose of 8 mg/kg of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, 20% dose was excreted in feces as unchanged 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, which probably represents that not absorbed. From day 4 to 133 only an additional 2-4% dose was excreted in feces by control animals. Addition of 8% squalene to the diet 2, 6 and 15 weeks after dosing resulted in a five-fold increase of daily 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl excretion in feces independent of the time of beginning the treatment. Total excretion of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in feces from day 4 to 133 was 3.6, 6-7 and 9.3% dose after 4, 13 and 17 weeks of squalane treatment, respectively. No adverse effects of long-term squalane treatment on body-weight gain, feed efficiency and organ weights were observed. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lowered. Independent of the duration of treatment, the livers of rats fed the squalene-supplemented diet contained 40-50 ug/g squalene. Within the limits of detection no squalane could be found in lung, kidneys, abdominal fat, spleen, and blood. ...

LD50 Mouse (C57B1/6J) male oral >64.3 mg/kg/28 day.

/SRP: THIS PCB HAS ENTERED THE USA ENVIRONMENT/ MAINLY THROUGH USE OF AROCLOR 1248, 1254, AND 1260 ... FROM MANUFACTURING PLANTS, DURING DESTRUCTION OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES CONTAINING PCBS IN MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISPOSAL BURNERS, THROUGH GRADUAL WEAR & WEATHERING OF PCB-CONTAINING PRODUCTS, & THROUGH LEACHING FROM LAND-FILL DUMPS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

When uniformly (14)C-labeled ... 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl was incubated for 98 days in soil ... 0.1% (14)CO2 was evolved in a closed system. Biphenyl and the monochlorobiphenyls were moderately degraded whereas the polychlorinated cmpd were virtually inert.

2.69e+05|BIOCONCENTRATION OF 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (2,4,5-HCB) WAS EXAMINED IN THE GREAT LAKES (USA) ALGAE FRAGILARIA CROTONENSIS, ANKISTRODESMUS FALCATUS & MICROCYSTIS SPECIES. THE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS VARIED WITH SPECIES, WHETHER THEY WERE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF CELL NUMBER, DRY WT, CELLULAR C, OR CELLULAR LIPID, THE FACTORS WERE IN RANGE OF 105-106 & INCREASED WITH DECREASING BIOMASS. SURFACE ADSORPTION APPARENTLY CONTRIBUTED ONLY SLIGHTLY TO BIOACCUMULATION OF 2,4,5-HCB. 2,4,5-HCB DESORBED FROM ALL SPECIES BUT AT A MUCH SLOWER RATE THAN ITS ADSORPTION.

3.80e+05 L/kg

... The percent found in human milk extract was 12 ...

... The percent found in human milk extract was 12. ...

Food and Environmental Agents: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls: Lack of endurance, hypotonia, sullen, expressionless facies. /From Table 7/

THE DISPOSITION OF MULTIPLE ORAL DOSES OF ... 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL ... STUDIED IN MICE ... INVESTIGATORS FOUND THAT THE RATE OF METABOLISM & EXCRETION DECREASED WITH INCREASING CHLORINATION, BUT WAS MOST PROFOUNDLY AFFECTED BY ELIMINATION OF ADJACENT UNSUBSTITUTED CARBON ATOMS. ACCUMULATION OCCURRRED MAINLY IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, SKIN, MUSCLE.|EFFECTS OF RESTRICTING FOOD INTAKE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (6-CB) IN RATS ADMIN A SINGLE DOSE OF 0.6 MG/KG, IV. GRADUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF ADIPOSE TISSUE WAS INDUCED BY RESTRICTING FOOD INTAKE TO 25% OF AD LIBITUM CONSUMPTION. IN FIRST SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS, 6-CB WAS ADMIN SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH START OF FOOD RESTRICTION. FECAL EXCRETION RATE OF 6-CB INCR, REACHED A MAX IN 2ND WK, & THEN LEVELED OFF. AFTER 7 WK, SOME 50% OF THE DOSE WAS EXCRETED & 26% WAS LOCATED IN SKIN. AMOUNTS IN MUSCLE, LIVER, LUNG, KIDNEY, BRAIN, GI CONTENTS, & RESIDUAL ADIPOSE TISSUE WERE BETWEEN 2.5 & 0.1% OF ADMIN DOSE. IN 2ND SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS, 6-CB WAS ADMIN 2 WK AFTER FOOD RESTRICTION STARTED, IE WHEN ADIPOSE TISSUE RESERVES HAD ALREADY LARGELY DISAPPEARED. FECAL EXCRETION RATE WAS MAXIMAL AT OUTSET & GRADUALLY DECR. CUMULATIVE EXCRETION & DISTRIBUTION VALUES FOR SKIN & OTHER TISSUES WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM VALUES DETERMINED IN ABOVE SERIES AFTER 7 WK. PHARMACOKINETIC OF 6-CB IS INFLUENCED BY ADIPOSE TISSUE MASS.|RESULTS FROM A PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE BINDING OF 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (HCB) TO LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS & SERUM ALBUMIN INDICATE THAT ALBUMIN & LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN EFFECTIVELY BIND THIS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL & SUGGEST THAT PLASMA PROTEINS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN ITS DISTRIBUTION TO PERIPHERAL CELLS. LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS BOUND HCB AT SEVERAL NONINTERACTIVE SITES & BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AT 1 NONINTERACTIVE SITE.|OF ... 2,2',4,4'5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL FED TO RATS, LESS THAN 10% WAS EXCRETED IN FECES, INDICATING A HIGH DEGREE OF ABSORPTION, METABOLISM OR LOCALIZATION IN THE TISSUES. ... FOLLOWING IV INJECTION TO RATS OF ... /2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL, IT WAS/ FOUND IN HAIR, SUGGESTING THAT THIS MAY SERVE AS A ROUTE OF PCB EXCRETION.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

METABOLISM OF 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (245-HCB) BY HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES WAS STUDIED. 245-HCB WAS NOT METABOLIZED UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS. THE FACT THAT IT WAS NOT METABOLIZED EXPLAINS WHY IT IS THE PREDOMINANT PCB FOUND IN HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE.|IN MICE & RATS, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (HCB) IS METABOLIZED TO 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLORO-3-BIPHENYLOL. IN RABBITS, THE METABOLIC PRODUCTS ARE A MONOHYDROXYLATED DERIVATIVE, A MONOHYDROXY WITH CHLORINE SHIFT, & A MONOHYDROXYMETHOXYLATED DERIVATIVE. PRODUCTS IN CHICKENS ARE A META-HYDROXYLATED DERIVATIVE, A PENTA-CHLOROBIPHENYL DERIVATIVE, & A PENTA-CHLOROTRIHYDROXYLATED DERIVATIVE.|METABOLISM OF (3)H-LABELED 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (2,4,5-HCB) WAS STUDIED IN 2 MONKEYS. 2,4,5-HCB WAS EXCRETED IN THE BILE AS PARENT 2,4,5-HCB, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLORO-3-HYDROXYBIPHENYL, & WATER-SOL CONJUGATES OF 2,4,5-HCB GLUCURONIDE, PROBABLY 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLORO-3-HYDROXYBIPHENYL GLUCURONIDE. METABOLISM OF 2,4,5-HCB MAY OR MAY NOT INCLUDE THE FORMATION OF AN ARENE OXIDE.|A strain of Alcaligenes eutrophus, designated H850, that rapidly degrades a broad and unusual spectrum of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been isolated and characterized. .... This strain was isolated from PCB-containing dredge spoils, grows well on biphenyl and 2-chlorobiphenyl but poorly on 3- and 4-chlorobiphenyl. Capillary gas-chromatographic analysis showed that biphenyl- grown resting cells of H850 degraded the components of 38 of the 41 largest peaks of Aroclor 1242 and 15 of the 44 largest peaks of Aroclor 1254, resulting in an overall reduction of PCBs by 81% for Aroclor 1242 (10 ppm) and 35% for Aroclor 1254 (10 ppm) in 2 days. H850 metabolized the predominantly ortho- substituted PCB congeners. ... The congener selectivity patterns indicate that a two-step process consisting of anaerobic dechlorination followed by oxidation by H850 can effectively degrade all of the congeners in Aroclor 1242 and possibly all those in Aroclor 1254.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|2_2_4_4_5_5-hexachlorobiphenyl has known human metabolites that include (1,1'-Biphenyl)-3-ol, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro-.

354.81 Days|THE HALF-LIFE OF (14)C-LABELED 2,5,2',4',5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL & 2,3,4,2',4',6'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL FOLLOWING ORAL ADMIN TO MICE WERE APPROX 6 & 1 DAY RESPECTIVELY, WHEREAS THE T 1/2 OF 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL WAS MUCH HIGHER (SLOW EXCRETION).|Half-lives of the metabolites of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB in Sprague-Dawley rats are as follows: Fecal: metabolite I= 0.9 days, metabolite II= 8.8 days, metabolite III= 100.5 days; urine I= 0.3 days II= 7.4 days. Metabolites were not characterized. /From table/|BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF 31 DICHLORO- TO DECHLOROBIPHENYL CONGENERS WERE MONITORED FOR 105 DAYS IN ADULT RAINBOW TROUT THAT WERE EXPOSED TO A SINGLE ORAL DOSE. IN WHOLE FISH, HALF-LIFE INCR FROM 5 DAYS TO NO APPARENT ELIM AS THE NUMBER OF CHLORINES ON THE BIPHENYL INCR. THIS STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION WAS NOT AS EVIDENT IN MUSCLE WHERE HALF-LIFE RANGED FROM LESS THAN 5 DAYS TO 127 DAYS. DECLINE IN MUSCLE PCB MAY BE RELATED TO THE DECR IN LIPID LEVELS & REDISTRIBUTION OF CONGENERS WITHIN THE FISH. FROM STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF HALF-LIFE IN WHOLE FISH, ELIM IS ENHANCED FOR THOSE CONGENERS WITH LOWER CHLORINE CONTENT, WITH NO CHLORINE SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE ORTHO POSITIONS, & THOSE WITH 2 UNSUBSTITUTED CARBONS THAT ARE ADJACENT (VICINAL) ON THE BIPHENYL. A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN TOTAL PCB CONTENT IN WHOLE FISH, EQUIV TO HALF-LIFE OF 219 DAYS, WAS PARTLY DUE TO DECOMP OF THE PCB MIXTURE ADMIN, & SELECTIVE ELIM OF LOWER CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.

RAT AND RAINBOW TROUT HEPATIC MONOOXYGENATION ACTIVITIES WERE INDUCED BY INJECTION OF 150 MG/KG OF 2,4,5,2',4'5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL. RODENT STUDIES INDICATED THAT NONCOPLANAR PCB ISOMERS INDUCED CYTOCHROME P-450, WHILE COPLANAR ISOMERS INDUCE CYTOCHROME P-488.|MOUSE LIVER EPOXIDE HYDROLASE & GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE WERE INCREASED BY PCBS (0.32 MMOLE/KG, IP). ACTIVITIES REACHED MAX LEVELS 1 WK AFTER DOSAGE. GREATEST ENHANCEMENT OF BOTH ENZYME ACTIVITIES WAS ACHIEVED WITH HEXACHLOROBIPHENYLS. /HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS/

2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl induced cytoplasmic inclusions and lipidosis in normal (AG1437) and hypercholesterolemic (GM488) human skin fibroblasts. Quantitative and qualitative microscopic fluorescence analysis showed that the cytoplasmic inclusions are formed as early as 3 hr after treatment with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. The inclusions contain lipids but no detectable nonesterified cholesterol or cholesterol ester. High density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins, facilitate the apparent uptake of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by skin fibroblasts. High density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins appeared to reverse the induction of cytoplasmic inclusions and lipidosis when cells were pretreated with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, and were then incubated with low density lipoproteins or high density lipoproteins. The results suggest that lipoproteins participate in the uptake and egress of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl from skin fibloblasts.|Nursing /by women exposed to PCB's/ ... should be discouraged because of the high amount of PCB's excreted with milk. ...

2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl

DETECTED IN COMMERICAL MIXTURES OF CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, MOLAR PERCENTAGE ARE: AROCLOR 1248 (0.13%), AROCLOR 1254 (3.32%), AROCLOR 1260 (8.22%)

DOMESTIC /USA/ PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS WAS STOPPED IN OCTOBER 1977. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/|Aroclor 1260 contained nearly 80 different polychlorinated biphenyl congers.

High resolution capillary gas chromatography was performed by using a gas chromatograph equipped with a (63)Ni electron capture detector. A 50 m coated fused silica capillary column was used to separate the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) isomers and congeners. The oven temperature was programmed at a rate of 1.0 deg/min from 100 to 240 °C. The injector and detector temperatures were 270 and 330 deg, respectively.