Maneb

265.3

264.879425

235-654-8

K221E12G7T

0173

2210|2968

DTXSID9020794

Yellow powder; crystals from alcohol|Brown powder

102.32000

0.65180

solid

1.92 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

192-204 °C (decomp)

308.2ºC at 760 mmHg

Insoluble in waterHighly flammable. soluble in water. Maneb is likely to generate heat spontaneously, especially when wet. The heat may be sufficient to ignite the material. Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

0-6°C

Negligible at 20 °C

1.92

Oral-rat LD50: 3000 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50:2600 mg/kg

It is easy to spontaneously ignite in the air; it emits poisonous mists of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides when exposed to heat or open flame

Practically odorless

Henry's Law constant = 5.64X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Decomposes without melting at 192-204 °C|Decomposes on prolonged exposure to air or moisture and rapidly on contact with acids.|Etem is one of the products formed on contact with moisture.|Fungicidal activity is due to degradation products, principally ethylenethiuram monosulfide|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Maneb (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Soluble in water. This material is likely to generate heat spontaneously, especially when wet. The heat may be sufficient to ignite the material. Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

Highly Flammable

The BPS Pesticide incident in Helena resulted in an explosion and death of three firemen. The burning of a 1,000 pound sack of Azinphos Methyl or the flashing of Maneb which was present on the facility may have caused the explosion.

III

4.2

2210

1

20/21/22-43-37-50/53-36-20-63

22-36/37/39-46-24/25-8-61-60-36/37

OP0700000

Xi,N,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

May spontaneously decompose vigorously when stored in bulk. Also decomposes at about 100ºC.

P201-P261-P273-P280-P304 + P340 + P312

H317-H319-H332-H361-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U114, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate/|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for maneb: Concentration process: Biological treatment.|Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Eliminations System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. ... For guidance, contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Water, acid, oxidizing materials. Heat or contact with moisture or acids causes rapid decomposition and the generation of toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide.

WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 78: Dithiocarbamate Pesticides, Ethylenethiourea and Propylenethiourea (1988). EHC documents are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of March 4, 2010: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc78.htm]|WHO/FAO Data Sheets on Pesticides No. 94 for Dithiocarbamates (1996).[Available from, as of March 5, 2010: http://www.inchem.org/pages/pds.html]|USEPA/OPP; Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document - Maneb. EPA 738-R-05-XXX (August 2005). This document presents EPA's decision on the tolerance reassessment and reregistration eligibility of the registered uses of Maneb.[Available from, as of March 5, 2010: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/maneb/]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Warning|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P261, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P308+P313, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 530 companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 211 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire [Warning Self-heating substances and mixtures]|P201, P202, P231+P232, P235+P410, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P314, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P405, P407, P413, P420, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, and P501|P231+P232, P235+P410, P260, P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P407, P413, P420, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL SPILL: EXCEPTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.|End-Use Products Intended for Occupational Use (WPS and non-WPS) Liquid (EC) Formulations. Mixers, loaders, applicators, and other handlers must wear:long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes and socks, and chemical-resistant gloves. In addition, handlers mixing and loading for aerial or chemigation application to sod farms must wear a NIOSH-approved respirator with: a dust/mist filter with MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-21C or any N*, R, P, or HE filter." *Instruction to Registrant: Drop the "N" type filter from the respirator statement if the pesticide product contains, or is used with, oil.|End-Use Products Intended for Occupational Use (WPS and non-WPS) (Wettable Powder (WP) Formulation). Mixer, loaders, applicators, and other handlers must wear: long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes and socks, and chemical-resistant gloves, and a dust/mist filtering respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-21C), or a NIOSH approved respirator with any N*, R, P, or HE filter when mixing, loading, cleaning up spills, or otherwise exposed to the concentrate. *Instruction to Registrant: Drop the "N" type filter from the respirator statement if the pesticide product contains, or is used with, oil.|End-Use Products Intended for Occupational Use (WPS and non-WPS) (DryFlowable (DF) Formulation). Mixer, loaders, applicators, and other handlers must wear: long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes and socks, and chemical-resistant gloves. In addition, handlers mixing and loading for aerial or chemigation application to sod farms must wear a NIOSH-approved respirator with: a dust/mist filter with MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-21C or any N*, R, P, or HE filter. *Instruction to Registrant: Drop the "N" type filter from the respirator statement if the pesticide product contains, or is used with, oil.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Maneb (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

May ignite spontaneously in air.|This material is likely to generate heat spontaneously. The heat may be sufficient to ignite the material. /Maneb or maneb preparation/|It may burn on exposure to water. /Maneb or maneb preparations, stabilized/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Maneb or maneb preparations stabilized/|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /Maneb or maneb preparation; Maneb or maneb preparations stabilized/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. When fire is out, cover all suspected material with dry sand or earth to prevent re-ignition until material can be permanently disposed of. /Maneb or maneb preparations/|Where the potential exists for exposure to Maneb, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry. /Maneb or maneb preparations stabilized/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Maneb (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract.|Repeated skin contact can cause sensitization and rash.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 5 mg/cu m. /Manganese compounds, as Mn/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 5 mg/cu m. /Manganese fume, as Mn/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-Weighted avg: 1 mg/cu m /Manganese cmpd and fume, as Mn/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 3 mg/cu m /Manganese cmpd and fume, as Mn/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from acids and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only if stabilized.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the kidneys and central nervous system. This may result in kidney impairment and neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders (manganism).

NO open flames. NO contact with water.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Maneb is included on this list.

U114; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters/

U114; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters/

SEDIMENT: Maneb was detected at 3.26-49 mg/kg in 16.67% of 12 sediment samples taken from Taihu Lake, China in 2000(1).

Ambient air maneb (calc from manganese) levels were < 0.02, 0.03, and 0.77 mg/cu m in the tractor cabin, breathing zone, and during weighing of the pesticide, respectively.

moderately toxic

Maneb has ... been shown to produce nigrostriatal degeneration when given in combination with paraquat ...|A study was made of the influence of acute Maneb pretreatment on the behavioral changes induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. Male Swiss mice were given Maneb ip, sometimes in combination with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In studies of locomotor activity effects, Maneb at 30 mg/kg and/or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine was administered at 50 mg/kg. Each mouse was introduced subsequent to treatment into a cage fitted with photocell units. The number of light beam interruptions was recorded during 1 hour. For catalepsy studies, groups of mice were given either compound and an additional group was treated with the combination. The duration of catalepsy was determined over a period of 2 hours by placing the forepaws of each animal over a horizontal glass rod. The results indicated that the administration of a single low dose of Maneb significantly potentiated the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on locomotor activity and on the duration of catalepsy in mice. When given in combination with the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, Maneb caused significantly greater inhibition of locomotor activity and prolongation of catalepsy than when given alone. These findings may be relevant to understanding the neurologic and/or motor impairments following exposure to pesticides and other environmental factors.|In recent years, several lines of evidence have shown an increase in Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence in rural environments where pesticides are widely used. Paraquat (PQ--herbicide) and maneb (MB--fungicide) are among the compounds suspected to induce neuronal degeneration and motor deficits characteristics of PD. Here, the effects of PQ and MB on dopaminergic (DA) neuron-glia cultures and in vivo /were investigated/ in young adult /Sprague-Dawley and Wistar/ rats. In vitro, PQ led to a loss of DA as compared to non-DA neurons and microglial activation in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of MB had no further effect nor did it lead to microglial activation when used alone. In vivo, 2-month old young adult rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (n = 4), PQ alone (n = 8), or PQ in combination with MB (n = 8) twice a week for 4 weeks and were sacrificed the day following the last injection. Significant loss of nigral DA neurons was observed in both treatment groups, but a significant decrease in striatal DA fibers was not found. Microglial activation was seen in the nigra of rats subjected to PQ with or without MB. Behavioral analyses demonstrated a mixed pattern of motor impairments, which may have been related to early effects of nigral DA neuronal loss or systemic effects associated with MB exposure in addition to PQ.

LD50 Rat oral 6750 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 4400 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 3000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral > 8000 mg/kg bw (Manzate D in carboxymethyl cellusolve)|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Maneb (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Maneb is categorized as practically nontoxic to avian species and small mammals on an acute oral and subacute dietary basis. / The acute toxicity profile for birds and mammals was based on acute (single dose by gavage) studies showing maneb to be practically nontoxic in bobwhite quail and laboratory rats and subacute (five days of treated feed) in bobwhite quail and mallard ducks, /From table/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Male and female adult newts, Triturus cristatus carniflex: percutaneous exposure to 5 ppm: teratogenic effects in the regenerating forelimb as well as in amphibian embryos and homeothermic vertebrate embryos.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Maneb is very highly toxic to cold water freshwater fish (LC50 = 42 ppb), highly toxic to slightly toxic to warm water freshwater fish (LC50 = 170 - 68,000 ppb) and highly toxic to estuarine/marine fish (LC50 = 180 ppb). Acute toxicity values for aquatic invertebrates suggest that maneb is highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia EC50 = 120 ppb) and highly to very highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates (mysid shrimp EC50 = 3 ppb)... . Early life-stage chronic freshwater fish NOAEC (No Observable Adverse Effect Concentration) and LOAEC (Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Concentration) values were determined to be 6.1 and 12 ppb, respectively, with reduced hatchability, fish survival and length of fry being the endpoints affected.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Like terrestrial plants, non-target aquatic plants may be exposed to pesticide from run-off, spray drift or volatization of maneb. Available information suggest that maneb may be toxic to nonvascular aquatic plants. The EC50 for freshwater green algae was 13 ppb based on growth inhibition, and a nominal NOAEC of 5.0 ppb. The potential for acute risks to terrestrial, semi-aquatic and aquatic vascular plants exposed to maneb at use sites is unknown.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Maneb (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Maneb is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

Maneb's production and use as a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide(1) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 240(2) indicates that maneb is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon rapid degradation of maneb in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis, although microbial degradation may also contribute to soil transformation(3). Maneb is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(2). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(4) which indicates a potential for direct photolysis from moist soil and plant surfaces(SRC). In a 5-day CO2 evolution study using an activated sludge inoculum, 0.6% of applied maneb was detected as 14C-labeled CO2(4), suggesting biodegradation may occur in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 240(2) indicates that maneb is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon rapid degradation of maneb in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis, although microbial degradation may also contribute to soil transformation(3). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of <10, measured in golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) fish(5), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolytic decomposition depends upon the aeration of the water and the pH with faster decomposition in aerated water and with increasing acidity(6). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(5) which indicates a potential for direct photolysis in sunlit water(SRC). 14C-maneb was degraded 9.73-16.18% after 67 days in July and 11.18-27.37% in Sept in sediment at 5 sites from a Nicaraguan estuary incubated under anaerobic conditions(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), maneb, which has a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase maneb may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(3) and this indicates a potential for direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of maneb with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(2) which indicates a potential for direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). In one photodegradation study using a silica gel adsorbent, 2.5% of applied maneb photomineralized after a 17 hr irradiation with a UV lamp (>290 nm)(3). When an aqueous suspension of maneb was sprayed onto the filter paper and then subjected to 5 days of either dry, moist or UV irradiated conditions, maneb was detectable on only the dry filter paper(4). Evolution of CS2 gas has been shown to increase with decreasing pH (pH range 6-8) in phosphate-buffered aqueous suspensions with air being passed through them(5). CS2 evolution stopped when nitrogen was substituted for air(5). In the presence of air, it was postulated that the maneb was reacting with oxygen to form ethylene thiuram disulfide(5). Other products formed from the degradation of maneb included ethylene thiourea, ethylenediamine and ethylene thiuram monosulfide(5). Hydrolytic decomposition depends upon the aeration of the water and the pH with faster decomposition in aerated water and with increasing acidity(5).

In a 3-day static system study, a BCF for maneb of <10 was measured in golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) fish(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

239.88 L/kg|The Koc for maneb is 240(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that maneb is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Using soil thin-layer chromatography and five different soil types, the Rf value of maneb was found to range from 0 to 0.42 which indicates immobility to moderate mobility in soil(3). These higher Rf values may have resulted from a dissociation to the free ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) or the presence of an ethylene thiourea impurity(4), otherwise, maneb can be expected to be generally immobile in soil(3). In a microagroecosystem chamber study using a Galestown sandy loam soil, spray applications of maneb did not penetrate below a 1 cm depth although unspecified soluble degradation products were collected in leachate waters(4). During a 52-week field study in Delaware where 14-C-labeled maneb was applied to a silty loam soil, radio-labeled residues did not leach below a 5 inch depth(5).

Volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon rapid degradation of maneb in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis(1). Maneb is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(2).

GROUNDWATER: Ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates have been detected in California in groundwater and maneb is a member of this class of compounds(1).

In a compilation of three federal monitoring programs for fiscal years 1970-1976 (FDA's Market Basket Survey, FDA's Monitoring Program for 33,000 domestic and 18,000 raw agricultural commodities, and USDA's National Residue Program), maneb was detected in only 21 samples (all in the leaf and stem vegetable category; concns not reported)(1). Maneb was detected in unquantified amounts in the FDA's regulatory monitoring program in various fresh and processed fruits and vegetables in 1989, and in cantaloupe, and fresh and processed fruits in 1990(2). Five field crops, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, summer squash and cantaloupes, collected from 17 different locations throughout the US where maneb fungicide had been applied from 1-14 days previously and analyzed had residues ranging from <0.1 to 4.0 ppm(3). According to the FOODCONTAM database (a national database of information generated by US state agencies involved in regulation of agriculture, public health, and the environment), maneb was detected (concns or detection limits not reported) in only 2 of 13,085 food samples analyzed during fiscal year 1989(4). In CA for fiscal year 1989, analysis of 39 fruit and vegetable samples (apples, grapes, onions and lettuce) did not detect any maneb residues (detection limit not reported)(5). Residue tolerances on raw agricultural products in the US are generally in the range of 2-10 mg/kg, with exceptions of 0.1, 15 and 45 mg/kg for almonds and potatoes, bananas and sugar beet tops, respectively(6). Maneb has been infrequently found in raw foods in the US(7).|Between 1980 and 1985, 53 composite samples of farm-deliverable vegetables grown in Ontario were analyzed for dithiocarbamate fungicides (including maneb, zineb, mancozeb, metiram, ziram and thiram) with analysis results being reported as zineb equivalent (therefore, a positive detection could result from any one or combination of the fungicides)(1); 46 composites were below analytical detection limits (0.1 mg/kg) with 7 composites at the detection limit(1); in a similar study of fruit grown in Ontario between 1980 and 1984, no detectable levels of dithiocarbamate fungicides (detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg) were found in 5 fruit composite samples(2). The results of the European Union member states and Norway monitoring program for 1996 and 1997 found maneb in 13, 18 and 26% of strawberries, grapes and lettuce, respectively(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 593 workers were potentially exposed to maneb in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to maneb may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where maneb is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to maneb via ingestion of food containing residual pesticide(SRC).

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc. (See all compounds classified as Fungicides, Industrial.)

In rats, 55% of the oral dose of (14)C-Maneb was excreted in urine and feces (36% in urine) within 3 days. After 24 hr, body organs contained 1.2% of dose as Maneb metabolites, and on day 5, < 0.18% ... (The authors do not appear to have measured pulmonary excretion, which is likely to account for much of remainder of dose).|When (14)C-labeled maneb was orally administered to rats at a dose of 360 mg/kg body weight by stomach tube, approximately 55% of the radioactivity was eliminated in the feces and urine within 3 days. Almost no unmetabolized maneb was found. The amounts of radioactivity in organs after day 1 and day 5 were 1.2% and 0.18%, respectively. The highest levels after 1 day were found in blood (0.23%), liver (0.78%), and kidneys (0.18%). Less was found in the thyroid (0.07%) ...

When (14)C-maneb was given to rats in a single oral dose of 390 mg/kg body weight, only 55% of the (14)C was recovered in the excreta. It was therefore suggested that a large part of the dose might have been metabolized to carbon disulfide and (14)C-EDA /(ethylene diamine)/, followed by oxidation of the latter to carbon disulfide. The concentration of the radioactivity was highest after 24 hr, and EDA and ETU were identified in the excreta ...|Environmental and mammalian degradation of the ethylene-bisdithiocarbonate compounds into ethylene thiourea, a known mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen, as well as an antithyroid compound, has raised suspicions about these agents and fostered requests for more in-depth studies. There is also evidence that ethylene thiourea may be formed while processing and cooking ethylene-bisdithiocarbonate contaminated products. Few additional, definitive, and more recent studies have yielded any evidence of consequence concerning health hazards. /Ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate compounds/|Studies with Maneb, after application to soybeans, indicated the formation of ethyleneurea, 2,4-imidazolidinedione, 1-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-2- imidazolidinethione, and several other unidentified compounds.|In plants, the principal metabolite is ethylenethiourea, which rapidly undergoes further metabolism. Ethylenethiuram monosulfide, ethylenethiuram disulfide, and sulfur are also metabolites.

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) maneb and zineb are widely used fungicides the final metabolite of which is ethylenethiourea (ETU). EBDCs distort the humoral activity of the thyroid gland, and ETU is especially active in this respect. Male Wistar rats were exposed either to exogenous (100 ng ip) or endogenous (+4 degrees C) TRH stimulation. ETU (100-500 mg/kg ip) caused no changes in serum TSH levels whereas zineb (70-500 mg/kg ip) significantly decreased the bursts induced by cold or exogenous TRH. Maneb (20-200 mg/kg ip) significantly decreased the cold-induced TSH response while it had no effect on the TRH-stimulated TSH secretion. None of the agents caused significant changes in serum T3 or T4 levels. It seems that maneb, and zineb, but not ETU, inhibit rat TSH secretion through an action on the endogenous TRH at the hypothalamic or pituitary level. The mechanism behind this action may be the inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.

Many commercial ethylenebisdithiocarbamate samples, including Maneb, contain ethylenethiourea ... The initial ethylenethiourea content in specific formulations of 'Maneb, 80%' varied between 0.05 and 1.26%; after 39 days of storage ethylenethiourea levels varied between 0.58 and 14.54%.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Use moderate hyperventilation (rate of 20 respirations per minute) if signs of cerebral edema are present. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. If a large amount of the fungicide has been ingested in the last few hours, and if copious vomiting has not already occurred, it may be reasonable to consider GI decontamination. Activated charcoal can be used along with the addition of the cathartic sorbitol to the charcoal slurry. If sorbitol is given separately, it should be diluted with an equal volume of water before administration. No more than one dose of sorbitol is recommended and it should be used with caution in children and the elderly. If contact with the toxicant has been minimal (for example, oral contamination only, promptly flushed out of the mouth), administration of charcoal without a cathartic, followed by careful observation of the patient, probably represents optimal management. /Ethylene bis dithiocarbamates (EBDC compounds)/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Maneb (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patch-tests on three volunteers who had reported adverse effects from treated plants demonstrated that maneb was a dermal sensitizer. A variable cross sensitization was observed to ammonium and sodium dithiocarbamates. None of the volunteers showed a cross sensitization to zineb.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Long Term Exposure: Repeated skin contact can cause sensitization and rash. High or repeated exposures may interfere with thyroid function (causing goiter), damage to the central nervous system, affect liver function, or cause kidney damage.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) compounds are not inhibitors of cholinesterase or of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. They do not induce cholinergic illness or "antabuse" reactions. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates/|/CASE REPORTS/ An accident which soaked the back of a woman with a maneb solution is reported to have led to renal failure and exanthema. The woman made a full recovery.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Maneb (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Maneb

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

As a fungicide, 68% is used for vegetables, 28% for seed treatment of field crops and vegetables, and 4% for deciduous fruits and nuts (1978)

A complete list of currently registered active pesticide products can be found in the National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's USEPA/OPP Registered and Cancelled Pesticide Product Database. These pesticide products are registered for use in the U.S. but approved products may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved products.|Drexel Manzi Flowable: Maneb 37%|IDA Maneb 4L (Drexel): Maneb 37%|IDA Maneb 80W (Drexel): Maneb 80%|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Maneb (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Maneb (technical grade) as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: fungicide.|Maneb was first registered in the United States in 1962 for use on food and ornamental crops to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Maneb is a member of the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) group of fungicides, which includes the related active ingredients mancozeb and metiram. The EBDCs share the common degradate ethylenethiourea (ETU).

Method: OSHA 107; Procedure: liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector; Analyte: maneb; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 220 ug/cu m.|Method: NIOSH 3600, Issue 1; Procedure: high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection; Analyte: ethylenebisdithiocarbamate anion; Matrix: air (dermal patches attached to clothing on the arm(s), leg(s), or torso of agricultural workers); Detection Limit: 0.02 mg/sample.|Method: NIOSH 3601, Issue 1; Procedure: high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection; Analyte: ethylenebisdithiocarbamate anion; Matrix: air (maneb washed from the hands); Detection Limit: 0.2ug/mL.|Method: EPA 630; Procedure: colorimetric method; Analyte: maneb; Matrix: indutrial and municipal discharges; Detection Limit: 15.3 ug/L.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Maneb (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Fungicides|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree|Fungicides